To study the change of cyclin D1 expression of endometrial stromal cells by down-regulating IKKα, and investigate its influences on the process of endometrial decidualization and the embryo implantation. In vitro decidualization of hESCs was induced by 8-Br-cAMP and IKKαsiRNA were transfected into hESC vitro cultured. While the cells in negtive control group was transfected by NC siRNA. In vitro decidualization of the hESC was induced by 8-Br-cAMP and MPA, and the morphology of cells was observed. The mRNA and protein expressions of IKKα, cyclin D1, prolactin (PRL), and insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) of the cells in the two groups were measured by realtime-PCR and Western blotting. The cell cycle was tested by flow cytometer. The mice model with pseudopregnancy endometrium decidualization was constructed, and IKKα siRNA was injected in one side of uterus cornu of the mice, while NC siRNA was injected in other one side of uterine cornu as the negative control. The changes of endometrial stromal cell morphology and glandular ducts in bilateral uterine cornu of the mice were observed after HE staining. The expression of IGFBP-1 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Realtime PCR and Western blotting was used for detecting the expressions of IKKα,cyclin D1, PRL, and IGFBP-1. IKKα(CHUK)/ NC siRNA was injected into the uterus cornu of the sexually mature female kunming mice after feed together with the normal male kunming mice. The embryo implantation sites in bilateral uteri of the mice were recorded. Results: 8-Br-cAMP and MPA can induce hESCs decidualization in vitro. The levels of PRL mRNA (339.00±52.25 fold), IGFBP-1 mRNA
(199.6±9.36 fold), and IGFBP-1 protein (4.86±0.30) of the mice endometrial cells in decidual intervention group were significant higher than those of the mice endometrial cells in the control group. There was a blocking from G0-1 phase to S phase of hESCs of the cells. Downregulation of IKKα in vitro leaded to the overexpression of Cyclin D1 and thus hindered the decidualization of hESCs in vitro. There was a blocking from G0-1 phase to S phase of hESCs of the cells in the control group. Injection of castor oil into the uterine cornu of pseudopregnant mice had induced the decidualization of endometrium. Down-regulated IKKα expression of cells in mice could affect endometrial decidualization and embryo implantation. Conclusion: Down regulation of IKKαexpression of endomentrial stromal cells may lead to overexpression of cyclin D1, and then inhibit the decidualization process in vivo and in vitro, which will affect embryo implantation.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2020- [Abstract]（ 458 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 33 )

To investigate the expression of TGF-β-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) in cervical cancer tissues, and to study its effect on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Methods: The cervical cancer tissues samples of 76 patients with cervical cancer who underwent surgical treatment and were pathologically confirmed were selected in observation group from July 2016 to July 2019, and 65 normal cervical tissue samples were selected in control group. HeLa cells were also selected and were divided into three groups: blank control group, negative control group, and TGIF2 inhibition group. The expression level of TGIF2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the expression level of TGIF2 of cells and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed by univariate analysis. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of TGIF2 in the transfected cells. Detection of cell proliferation activity was conducted by MTT test. Detection of cell invasion and migration was conducted by by Transwell scratch experiments. And Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TGIF2, cyclin D1, and MMP-2. Results: The positive expression rate of TGIF2 (81.6%) in the observation group was significant higher than that (18.5%) in the control group, and the positive expression of TGIF2 was correlated with the degree of cancer differentiation (P=0.004) and FIGO stage of cancer (P=0.009), but was not correlated with the patient's age, pathological type, and lymph node metastasis. The expression level (0.46±0.06) of TGIF2 mRNA TGIF2 inhibition group was significant lower than that (1.00±0.13) in blank control group and that (1.02±0.14)
in negative control group (P<0.05). Inhibition of TGIF2 expression had decresed the proliferation activity, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells in each group. Conclusion: The expression of TGIF2 in cervical cancer tissues increases, and inhibition of TGIF2 expression can decrease the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2030- [Abstract]（ 567 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 31 )

To study the etonogestrel implants used in the women with unwanted pregnancy after abortion and its influence on their sexual quality of life and sexual function.Methods: 150 women who received etonogestrel implants as contraception after abortion of unplanned pregnancy immediately were selected study group and another 150 women who received condoms as contraception after abortion of unplanned pregnancy were included in control group from January 2019 to December 2019.The postoperative unwanted pregnancy rate, the bleeding pattern, and the side effects rate of the women in the two groups were followed up for 6 months and 12 months.The female sexual quality questionnaire was used to assess their sexual quality of the women, and the Chinese version of the female sexual function scale was used to evaluate their sexual function.Results: The rates of unintended pregnancy（0% and 0%) of the women in the study group at 6 month and 12 month was significant lower than those（4.7% and 10.7%) of the women in the control group.The incidences of amenorrhea（17.3%), the irregular menstruation（14.7%), the frequent bleeding（10.7%), and the prolonged bleeding（8.7%) of the women in the study group were significant higher than those of the women in the control group, and sexual life quality score and sexual function score of the women in the study group were also significant higher（all P<0.05).In the study group, there were 12 women without continued etonogestrel implants used due to the change of bleeding pattern, and the continuation rate was 92.0%.Conclusion: Etonogestrel implants of the women after abortion of unplanned pregnancy has good contraceptive effect, which can improve the quality of sexual life and sexual function of the women, and has high continued using rate.However, counseling should be done well on the women before contraception used.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2040- [Abstract]（ 489 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 35 )

To explore the therapeutic effect of local injection of methotrexate combined with embryo extraction by laparoscopic window or treating ectopic pregnancy. Methods: 200 patients with ectopic pregnancy who underwent embryo extraction by laparoscopic window were selected as observation objects and were divided into two groups according to different treatment plans, (100 cases in each group) from February 2018 to February 2020. After embryo extraction by laparoscopic window, the patients in the control group were given routine postoperative oral mifepristone treatment and the patients in the observation were given methotrexate injected locally. The tubal repatency rate, the time of hospital stay, the repregnant situation, and the change of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels of the patients were compared between the two groups. Results: The level of serum β-HCG (78.15±32.28 U/L) of the patients in the observation group 1 week after treatment was significant lower than that of the patients in the control group, and the time of β-HCG level return to normal (8.9±2.4d) and hospital stay (5.2±1.4d) of the patients in the observation group were significant lower than those of the patients in the control group. The proportions of completely unblocked oviduct (73.0%), partially unblocked oviduct (20.0%), and unblocked oviduct (7.0%) of the patients in the observation group 3 months after operation were significant better than those (48.0%, 28.0%, and 24.0%) of the patients in the control group. The normal delivery after intrauterine pregnancy (55 cases, 55.0%) of the patients in the observation group was significant better than that (38 cases, 38.0%) of the patients in the control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Embryo extraction by laparoscopic window and local injection of methotrexate for treating ectopic pregnancy of the women can shorten the hospitalization time of patients and the time of serum β-HCG level reducing to normal, which is helpful to increase the effect of fallopian tube fluid, and can promote the normal pregnancy and delivery of the women.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2048- [Abstract]（ 306 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 33 )

To compare the anesthetic effect of alfentanil and sufentanil for painless abortion of the women, and to study its influence on the postoperative inflammatory response painless abortion of the women. Methods: 137 women who wanted painless abortion were selected and were randomly divided into group A (66 women given 10μg/kg of alfentanil for analgesia) and group B (71 women given 0.15μg/kg of fentanyl for analgesia), and the women in both groups were given propofol for maintain sedation. The wakening time and the total operation time, the propofol dosage, and the incidence of cardiopulmonary complications of the women in both groups were recorded. The C-reactive protein level and the white blood cell (WBC) count of the women in both groups were compared before and after abortion. Results: The dosage of propofol used (151.5±29.1mg) of the women in group A was significant higher than that (123.2±28.3 mg) of the women in group B, but the wakening time (5.3±3.5 min) and the recovery time (10.8±2.6 min) of the women in group A were significant lower than those (6.6±3.9 min and 13.1±3.1 min) of the women in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the decreasing values of mean arterial pressure, mean heart, and mean arterial pressure, and the rates of hypoxemia, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and the cardiopulmonary related complications of the women between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of vasoactive drug application of the women in group A was significant lower than that of the women in group B, and the level of hs-CRP at postoperative 3h of the women in group A was significant lower than that of the women in group B (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in WBC count of the women between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with those of fentanyl, alfentanil can effectively relieve pain of the women during abortion, with shorter recovery time, more stable during operation, and lower postoperative inflammatory level.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2056- [Abstract]（ 339 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

To compare the influence of electric coagulation hemostasis and the suture hemostasis of patients who underwent laparoscopic ovarian maturation teratoma excision on their ovarian reserve. Methods: From May 2016 to May 2021, 80 patients who wanted laparoscopic excision of ovarian teratoma were selected and were randomly divided into two groups (40 cases in each group). The patients in group A were given intraoperative coagulation hemostasis, and the patients in group B were given intraoperative suture hemostasis. The operation time and the amount of intraoperative bleeding of the patients in the two groups were recorded. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) of the patients on the third day of the last menstrual period before surgery, on the third day after operation, and on the third day of the menstrual cycle in 1 or 6 months after operation were detected. Before operation and postoperative 1 and 6 months, transvaginal ultrasound were used to record antral follicles count (AFC), ovarian volume, and psilateral ovarian stromal blood flow peak (PSV) value. Results: There were no significant differences in operative time and intraoperative blood loss of the patients between the two groups (P＞0.05). The levels of E2 and AMH of the patients in the two groups in 3 days, 1 and 6 months after operation were significant lower than those before operation, but which of the patients in group B were significant higher than those of the patients in group A. The level of FSH of the patients in the two groups after operation was significant higher than that before operation, but which of the patients in group B was significant lower than that of the patients in group A (all P＜0.05). The LH level of the patients in the two groups after operation was significant higher than that before operation (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the LH level of the patients between the two groups (P＞0.05). In 1 or 6 months after operation, AFC of the patients by ultrasound in the two groups was significant lower than that before operation, but which of the patients in group B was significant higher than that of the patients in group A (all P＜0.05). The ovarian volume and PSV value by ultrasound of the patients in group B were significant higher than those before operation, but which of the patients in group A had decreased significantly. The ovarian volume and PSV value by ultrasound of the patients in group B were significant higher than those of the patients in group A (all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Compared with that of coagulation hemostasis, suture hemostasis during laparoscopic ovarian maturation teratoma excision can better protect the ovarian reserve and is help to the recovery after operation.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2064- [Abstract]（ 317 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

To analyze the effect of low molecular heparin combined with ligustrazine for improving uterine arterial hemodynamics and the expressions of vascular endothelial injury factors of the pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE). Methods：147 pregnant women with PE were selected as study subjects from May 2017 to March 2020. According to the principle of random number, these women were divided into control group, group A, and group B. In the control group, the women were given conventional treatment. In the group A, the women were given low molecular heparin except to conventional treatment, and in the B group, the women were given low molecular heparin combined with ligustrazine except to conventional treatment. Results: 24h after treatment, urinary protein level of the women in the control group was the highest, which was followed by that of the women in group A, and which of the women in group B was the lowest (P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the women among the three groups (P＞0.05). The uterine artery RI value of the women in the control group was the highest, which was followed by that of the women in group A, and which of the women in group B was the lowest (P＜0.001). The values of uterine artery S/D and PI the women in group A and B had no significant different, but which were significant lower than those the women in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of serum sEng, sFlt-1, and ET-1 of the women in the control group were the highest, which were followed by those of the women in group A, and which of the women in group B were the lowest (P＜0.001). The VEGF level of the women in the control group was the lowest, which was followed by that of the women in group A, and which of the women in group B was the highest (P＜0.001). The gestational age and the proportion of Apagar score ≥7 points of newborns in group B were significant higher than those of newborns in the other two groups (P＜0.05), but which had no significant different between the control group and group A. There were no significant differences in newborn birth weight and neonatal asphyxia rate among the three groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The effect of low molecular heparin combined with ligustrazine for improving uterine artery blood flow and vascular endothelial injury is better than that of low molecular heparin used alone, which can further prolong the gestational age and improve the perinatal outcome.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2073- [Abstract]（ 374 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 39 )

 To analyze the difference of anesthetic effect of epidural injection and intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine of women during the second cesarean section. Methods: From January 2019 to March 2020, 85 pregnant women who would undergo the second cesarean section were selected and were randomly divided into observation group (45 cases) and control group (40 cases). The women in the observation group were given dexmedetomidine by epidural injection before operation, while the women in the control group were given dexmedetomidine by intravenous infusion before operation. The time of anesthesia onset, the time of anesthesia level to reach the highest, the time of sensory anesthesia, the sedation score, the analgesia duration, the analgesic drug consumption, the duration of the second stage of labor, Apgar score of newborn, and the rate of adverse reactions of the women were compared between the two groups. Results: The onset time of anesthesia (6.3±1.0 min) and the time of anesthesia level to reach the highest (13.1±1.7 min) of the women in the observation group were significant lower than those (8.7±1.3 min and 17.3±2.1 min) of the women in the control group, but the sensory block time (387.8±7.7 min) of the women in the observation group was significant longer than that (295.7±3.6 min) of the women in the control group (all P＜0.05). The duration of analgesia (159.6±13.6 min) of the women in the observation group was significant longer than that (146.3±10.3 min) of the women in the control group. The analgesic drug dosage (3.2±0.4 ug) and the second labor time (65.4±15.3 min) of the women in the observation group were significant lower than those (3.6±0.6 ug and 82.7±16.6 min) of the women in the control group  (all P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the sedation score and neonatal Apgar score between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of complications (8.9%) of the women in the observation group was significant lower than that (25.0%) of the women in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: During the second cesarean section, ropivacaine combined with epidural injection or intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine has the similar sedative effects, and both has not adverse affect for the newborn. However, epidural injection of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine has faster onset time of anesthesia and better analgesic effect with higher safety.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2081- [Abstract]（ 336 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 33 )

To explore the application value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identified by different tracers, such as methylene blue and nano-carbon, in preoperative guidance of endometrial cancer. Methods: From January 2018 to January 2020, 82 patients with endometrial cancer were selected and were divided into group A (SLN of 41 patients identified by methylene blue) and group B (SLN of 41 patients identified by nano-carbon) by computer random number method. The patients in the two groups were injected with methylene blue or nano-carbon in the cervix before surgery. The biopsy was used to observe the coloring of lymph nodes. The first colored lymph nodes were identified, marked and excised as SLN. The average tracing time, tracing duration, and SLN identification situation were compared between the two tracers. Taking postoperative pathological examination results as the gold standard, the accuracy of the two tracers in identifying SNL transfer was evaluated, and the SLN distribution and complications and adverse reactions rates of the patients in the two groups were recorded. Results: The tracing time (16.7± 3.3 s) of the patients in group B was significant shorter than that (37.5± 5.2s) of the patients in group A, but the tracing duration (25.2±5.1s) of the patients in group B was significant longer than that (0.7± 0.2s) of the patients in group A (P＜0.05). The total detection rate, bilateral detection rate, and averag number of SLN detected had no significant difference between the two tracers, and there were no significant difference in the sensitivity, the accuracy, and the negative predictive value of SNL metastasis between the two tracers (all P＞0.05). A total of 292 SLNs were detected in 82 patients with endometrial carcinoma, which mainly distributed in the external iliac lymph node region (38.4%) and obturator lymph node region (35.6%). Conclusion: Methylene blue and nano-carbon as tracers for identifying SLN of the patients with endometrial cancer have high value, which have guiding significance for determining the range of lymph node dissection during surgery, but nano-carbon tracer has shorter tracing time, longer duration, and higher stability.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2090- [Abstract]（ 384 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 31 )

To investigate the effectiveness of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for treating women with dysmenorrhea because of endometriosis, and to study the improvement of the life quality of the women. Methods: The women with dysmenorrhea because of endometriosis were included and were inserted LNG-IUS for treatment. The visual analogue scales (VAS), life quality score, the CA125 level of the women before LNG-IUS inserted, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after LNG-IUS inserted were recorded. The situations of adverse reactions of the women were also recorded during followed up. Results: A total of 85 women were enrolled, and in which, there were 4 women had been abandoned treatment due to adverse reactions within the first 3 months of treatment. 81 women were followed up for 12 months. After treatment, VAS score of menstrual period of the women decreased from 6.43 points to 2.08 points, VAS score of sexual pain of the women decreased from 5.14 points to 1.91 points, and VAS score of non-periodic pelvic pain of the women decreased from 5.84 points to 1.82 points. The score of life quality of the women increased significantly, and the CA125 level of the women decreased significantly after treatment. The most common adverse reaction was the change of menstrual patterns. Conclusion: LNG-IUS inserted for treating women with dysmenorrhea because of endometriosis has better effectiveness, which can effectively improve life quality of the women. The systemic adverse reaction of LNG-IUS needs to be sufficient communicated with the women for improving their tolerability of LNG-IUS.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2098- [Abstract]（ 329 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 32 )

To explore the association of the levels of vitamin D［25(OH)D］and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in serum and in seminal plasma of male infertile patients with their semen parameters and sex hormone levels. Methods: A total of 144 male infertile patients were selected and divided into group A (37 patients with oligospermia), group B (39 patients with weak sperm), group C (32 patients with less weak sperm), and group D (36 patients with normal semen parameter) according to semen parameters from January 2017 to December 2019. The association of the levels of vitamin D and AMH in serum and in seminal plasma of the patients with their semen parameters was analyzed. Results: The sperm concentration value, serum T level, and serum AMH and 25(OH)D levels of the patients in group A and group B were significant lower than those of the patients in group C and group D, but the semen volume and serum FSH level of the patients in group A and group B were significant higher. The PR value of the patients in group B and group C was significant lower than those of the patients in group A and group D (P＜0.05). There were no significant different in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin, 25(OH) D, and AMH of the patients among the four groups (P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of 25(OH)D and AMH of the patients were negatively correlated with their semen volume (r=-0.352, -0.309, P＜0.05), but were positively correlated with their sperm concentration and testosterone level (r=0.410, 0.403, 0.287, 0.329, P＜0.05). There was no correlation between serum and seminal plasma 25(OH) D level of the patients and their serum and seminal plasma AMH level (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The levels of 25(OH)D and AMH in seminal plasma of male infertile patients have certain correlation with their semen parameters and sex hormone levels, and the expression levels of which can reflect the testicular spermatogenic function of the patients.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2105- [Abstract]（ 320 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

To detect the expression levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) and human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) of the women with ovarian cyst, and to analyze the influence of CA199 and HE4 levels on the ovarian function after laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection. Methods: 106 women with ovarian cysts who wanted laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection were selected in group A, and 102 women who wanted conventional open ovarian cysts were selected in group B from January 2016 to January 2019. The serum CA199 and HE4 levels of the women in the two groups were detected before and 24 h after surgery. Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between the CA199 and HE4 levels of the women and their levels of postoperative serum estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and their efficacy. Results: The postoperative blood loss (38.5±12.2ml), the first exhaust time (17.3±5.0h), and the time of hospital stay (6.4±1.3d) of the women in group A were significant lower than those of the women in group B, but the total effective rate (95.3%) of the women in group A was significant higher than that (84.3%) of the women in group B (P＜0.05).The levels of serum CA199, HE4, and E2, and the antral follicle count of the women in the two groups had decreased significantly after operation, and which of the women in group A were significant lower than those of the women in group B.The levels of serum LH and FSH of the women in the two groups had increased significantly after operation, and which of the women in were significant higher than those of the women in group B (P＜0.05).In group A, the serum CA199 level of the women was positively correlated with their serum HE4 level (r=0.322, P=0.001), and their CA199 level and HE4 level were positively correlated with their E2 level, but the CA199 level and HE4 level were negatively correlated with their levels of LH and FSH (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The levels of serum CA199 and HE4 of the women have decreased significantly after laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection, which are closely related to the changes of their sex hormone levels. So the levels of serum CA199 and HE4 can be used to predict the change of postoperative ovarian function of the women.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2112- [Abstract]（ 375 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 40 )

To compare the postoperative recovery and safety of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and laparoscopic total hysterectomy (TLH) for treating women with hysteromyoma. Methods: The clinical data of 60 women with hysteromyoma from January 2018 to May 2019 were collected retrospectively. The women were divided into group A (30 women accepted LVAH) and group B (30 women accepted TLH) according to different treatments. The operation conditions, the postoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil percentage value, the situation of pelvic floor function recovery, and the complications rate of the women were compared between the two groups. The women had been followed up for 6 months after operation. Results: There were no significant differences in the time of getting out of bed and hospitalization time of the women between the two groups (P＞0.05). The operative time (81.0±10.1 min) and the intraoperative blood loss (104.1±12.5 ml) of the women in group B were significant lower than those (95.2±13.3min and 137.9±17.5ml) of the women in group A, but the exhaust time (22.2±3.6h) of the women in group B was significant higher than that (16.8±2.4h) of the women in group A (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the WBC count and the neutrophil percentage of the women between the two groups, and the total incidence of complications (6.7% vs. 6.7%) of the women had no significant different between the two groups (P＞0.05). After 6 months followed up, there was no any woman with recurrence of hysteromyoma in both groups. Conclusion: LAVH and TLH are both minimally invasive and effective surgery for treating hysteromyoma, but THL has the advantages of shorter operation time and less bleeding compared with LAVH, and LAVH has less influence on gastrointestinal function. So, the clinical application of LAVH or TLH should integrate various factors to provide the best surgical scheme for the women with hysteromyoma.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2121- [Abstract]（ 397 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 40 )

To explore the relationship between the examined results of infertility women by color Doppler ultrasound and their pregnancy outcomes after ovulation induction therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 100 infertility women who received ovulation induction therapy from October 2017 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. These women were divided into group A (women with pregnancy) and group B (women without pregnancy) according to whether they were pregnant after ovulation induction treatment. The differences of the endometrial thickness, volume, and type, endometrial artery blood flow parameters, and ovarian shape examined by color Doppler ultrasound measurement of the women were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 35 women with pregnancy in these 100 infertile women with the pregnancy rate of 35.0%. The endometrial thickness (9.9±2.0mm) and volume (4.2±0.8 mL) of the women in group A were significant higher than those (8.0±2.6 mm and 2.4±0.7 mL) of the women in group B (P＜0.05). The proportion of type A endometrium (68.6%) of the women in group A was predominant, and the proportion of type B endometrium (52.3%) and type C (30.8%) of the women in group B were predominant (P＜0.05). The values of PI (0.68±0.09) and RI (2.17±0.33) of endometrial artery of the women in group A were significant lower than those of the women in group B, and the values of VI (6.91±1.32), VFI (4.42±0.91), and FI (29.01±4.89) of the women in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group B (P＜0.05). The proportion of type II and III of endometrial artery of the women in group A was significant higher, and the proportion of type I and II of endometrial artery of the women in group B was significant higher (P＜0.05).  Conclusion: There is a certain relationship between the color ultrasound imaging results of infertile patients and their endometrium condition and pregnancy outcomes after ovulation induction therapy, which can provide some evidences for evaluating pregnancy situation after ovulation induction.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2129- [Abstract]（ 339 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 32 )

 To investigate the correlation between the blood flow parameters of umbilical artery and the levels of serum total bile acid（TBA) and cholylglycine（CG) of pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy（ICP) and their neonatal lung injury（ALI) occurrence.Methods：113 pregnant women with ICP were selected as study subjects from March 2017 to September 2020.According to the occurrence of ALI, these women were divided into group A（women without ALI) and group B（women with ALI).The women in group B were further divided into group B1（newborns with Transient Hyperrespiratory syndrome) and group B2（newborns with respiratory distress syndrome).The blood flow parameters of umbilical artery were measured by ultrasound, and the levels of TBA and CG were measured by enzyme circulation.Results: The proportion of severe ICP, serum TBA and CG levels, and the values of S/D and RI of umbilical blood flow of the women in group B were all significant higher than those of the women in group A（P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in the PI value of umbilical blood flow of the women between the two groups（P>0.05).The serum levels of TBA and CG, and the RI value of umbilical artery of the women in B2 group were significant higher than those of the women in group B1（P<0.05), while the S/D and PI values of umbilical artery of the women had no significant different between group B1 and group B2（P>0.05).Severe ICP, serum TBA and CG levels, and umbilical artery RI value were the independent risk factors of ALI, and serum TBA and CG levels were the independent risk factors of respiratory distress syndrome（P<0.05).TBA+RI, CG+RI, and TBA+CG all had some value for predicting ALI（P<0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of neonatal ALI in ICP pregnant women is related to their umbilical artery RI value, and their serum TBA and CG levels.The combination of umbilical artery RI value, and serum TBA and CG levels of the pregnant women has some predictive value for ALI.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2138- [Abstract]（ 341 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 32 )

 To investigate the changes of serum of sex hormone and the risk factors of the women with recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Methods: 115 pregnant women with a history of ectopic pregnancy abortion were collected retrospectively. According to the pregnancy outcomes, 60 women with the second ectopic pregnancy were in group A, and 55 normal pregnant women were in group B. Logistic analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of the second ectopic pregnancy. Results: The levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone (P) of the women in group A during 6 gestational weeks were 5314.8±250.2 mIU/mL and 31.5±2.6 ng/mL, which were significant higher than those (1628.0±109.6 mIU/mL and 13.8±1.3 ng/ml) of the women in group B (P＜0.05). Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the HCG level >2000 mIU/ml during 6 gestational weeks, the diameter of mass >4cm, the severe pelvic adhesion, and the poor tubal patency of lesion side of the women were the risk factors of their recurrent ectopic pregnancy (OR>1, P＜0.05), while the P level of the women was not the risk factors of their recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: The HCG level >2000 mIU/ml during 6 gestational weeks, the diameter of mass >4cm, the severe pelvic adhesion, and the poor tubal patency of lesion side of the women were the risk factors of their recurrent ectopic pregnancy, so attention should be paid to and targeted preventive measures should be taken for reducing the recurrence of ectopic pregnancy in clinic.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2147- [Abstract]（ 321 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

 To investigate the influence of transcatheter uterine artery embolization (TAE) for treating postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section of elderly pregnant women on their volume of postpartum hemorrhage and uterine hemodynamics. Methods: The clinical data of 85 elderly puerpera with postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section from February 2018 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different treatment methods, these women were divided into group A (42 cases with uterine artery ligation) and group B (43 cases with TAE). Another 42 elderly puerperae without postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section were selected in group C. The bleeding volume before and after operation, the total bleeding volume, the operation time, and the success rate of hemostasis, the resistance index (RI) value before and 3 months after operation, and the peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity (S/D) value, and the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) on the third day of the first menstrual cycle after operation of the women in both group A and B were statistically analyzed. Results: The operative time (52.6±14.4min), the postoperative blood loss (48±7ml), and the total blood loss (2319±156ml) of the women in group B were significant less than those (68.3±17.8min, 153±20 ml, and 3044±206ml) of the women in group A. The success rate of hemostasis (95.4%) of the women in group B was significant higher than that (81.0%) of the women in group A (all P＜0.05). The RI value of the left and right uterine artery blood flow, and the levels of FSH and LH of the women in group C and group B were significant lower than those of the women in group A, while the levels of E2 and AMH of the women in group C and group B were significant higher (all P＜0.05), and there were no significant differences in the RI value of the left and right uterine artery blood flow and the levels of FSH and LH of the women between group B and group C (all P＞0.05). There was no difference significant differences in the S/D value of the left and right uterine artery of the women among the three groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: TAE for treating postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section of elderly pregnant women has better hemostatic effect, and which has no obvious adverse influence on their uterine hemodynamics and ovarian function.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2154- [Abstract]（ 361 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 32 )

 To investigate the blood characteristics of the pregnant women with mild thalassemia, and to study its influence on the pregnancy outcomes. Methods: 55 pregnant women with mild thalassemia were selected in study group from January 2013 to July 2020, and 114 normal pregnant women were randomly selected in control group. The blood indexes during the third trimester of pregnancy (28 to 41 gestational weeks) of the women in the two groups were detected, and their pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results: The values of mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin volume (MCH), and hemoglobin (Hb) of the women in the study group were 70.67±1.10fl, 22.10±0.36pg, and 94.33±1.95g/L, respectively, which were significant lower than those (90.33±0.57fL， 29.81±0.24pg, and 118.33±1.18g/L, respectively) of the women in control group. The red blood cell count (RBC) of the women in the study group was 4.31±0.10×1012/L, which was significant higher than that (3.95±0.04×1012/L) of the women in the control group (P<0.01). The cesarean section rate (27.3%), neonatal weight (3016.9±82.2g), and macrosomia rate (1.8%) of the women in the study group were significant lower than those (55.3%, 3316.1±50.7g, and 10.5%) of the women in the control group. The Low birth weight ratio (12.7%), and blood transfusion during pregnancy rate (12.7%) of the women in the study group were significant higher than those (4.4% and 0.9%) of the women in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in perinatal complications rate of the women between the two groups (P>0.05). Regression analysis found that thalassemia of the women had no significant relevant to their pregnancy complications. Conclusion: Mild thalassemia does not increase the incidence of pregnancy complications of women during pregnancy, but it does increase the risk of low birth weight.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2162- [Abstract]（ 338 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 30 )

 To investigate the correlation between the changes of serum HMGB1, vitamin 25-(OH)-D, and adiponectin (APN) levels of the pregnant women and their gestational hypertension occurrence, and to analyze of the mechanism of gestational hypertension. Methods: 60 pregnant women with gestational hypertension were selected in observation group from July 2019 to July 2020, and 60 healthy pregnant women were selected in control group. The levels of serum HMGB1, vitamin 25-(OH)-D, and APN of these women were detected. The correlation between the changes of serum HMGB1, vitamin 25-(OH)-D, and APN levels of the women and their gestational hypertension occurrence was analyzed by Spearman. Results: The levels of serum HMGB1 (4.16±0.79 mg/L) of the women in the observation group was significant higher than that (0.53±0.12 mg/L) of the women in the control group, but the levels of vitamin 25-(OH)-D (20.48± 1.46ug /L) and APN (8.86±1.17mg /L) of the women in the observation group were significant lower than those (36.75±0.59ug /L and 15.93± 3.49mg /L) of the women in the control group (P＜0.05). The serum HMGB1 level was positively correlated with gestational hypertension occurrence (r=0.847, P=0.015), but the serum vitamin 25-(OH)-D level was negatively correlated with gestational hypertension occurrence (r=-0.721, P=0.037), and the serum APN level was negatively correlated with pregnancy hypertension occurrence (r=-0.629, P=0.043). Conclusion: There is correlation between the changes of the serum HMGB1, 25-(OH)-D, and APN levels of the pregnant women and their gestational hypertension occurrence, so the predicting the changes of the serum HMGB1, 25-(OH)-D, and APN levels of the women effectively may improve their pregnancy outcomes.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2170- [Abstract]（ 315 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 30 )

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2177- [Abstract]（ 378 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

To explore the correlation and diagnostic value of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin 17 levels of T cell subsets (Th17) of the pregnant women with syphilis for their adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: 244 pregnant women with syphilis from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected and were divided into group A (110 women with low titer of serum TRUST) and group B (14 women with high titer of serum TRUST), and 120 healthy pregnant women were selected in control group. The influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes of the pregnant women with syphilis were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of Th17 and IL-17 levels were also analyzed. Results: The levels of Th17 and IL-17 of the women in group A and group B were significant higher than those of the women in the control group (P＜0.01), but which of the women had no significant different between group B and group A (P＞0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (22 cases, 17.7%) of the women in group A and group B was significant higher than that (2 cases, 1.7%) of the women in the control group (P＜0.05). The Th17 and IL-17 levels were the independent risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes of the pregnant women with syphilis (P＜0.05). AUC of Th17 level of the women for predicting their adverse pregnancy outcome was 0.964, and which of IL-17 level was 0.975. Conclusion: The levels of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and serum IL-17 of the pregnant women with syphilis are significant higher than those of the healthy pregnant women, and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes of the pregnant women with syphilis is also significant higher than that of the healthy pregnant women. The levels of Th17 and IL-17 have higher diagnostic value for adverse pregnancy outcomes of the pregnant women with syphilis.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2185- [Abstract]（ 320 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 31 )

To explore the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) of the pregnant women on their offspring growth and development of the physical and neurointelligence. Methods: 113 pregnant women with GDM were selected in study group, and 120 healthy pregnant women were selected in control group from 2017 to 2018. The gestational weeks, gender, weight, and blood glucose level of the newborn in the two groups were recorded. The weight and height of the 1-year-old children in the two groups were used to evaluate their physical growth and development. Bayley scales of infant Development (BSID) was used to evaluate the mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) of these 1-year-old children. Results: There were no significant differences in age, and gravidity and parity of the women between the two groups (P＞0.05). The body mass index of the women in the study group was significant higher than that of the women in the control group (P=0.000).There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks when delivery and gender rate of newborns between the two groups (P＜0.05). The neonatal weight (3721±830g) in the study group was significant higher than that (3484±780 g) in the control group (P=0.026), but the neonatal blood glucose level (3.13±0.49 mmol/L) in the study group was significant lower than that (3.60±0.21 mmol/L) in the control group (P=0.000).The height and weight of 1-year-old children in the study group were significant higher than those in the control group, but the MDI value of 1-year-old children was significant lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in PDI value between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women with GDM not only affect the physical growth and development of their offspring, but also affect the intellectual development of their offspring. So it be paid attention to and should be intervened timely.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2193- [Abstract]（ 371 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 33 )

To study the relationship between the expression rules of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the patients and the occurrence of their ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis, and to study the risk factors affecting the ovarian cancer of the patients their ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis. Methods: 85 patients with endometriosis selected as the research objects from January 2016 to may 2020, which included 45 patients with ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis in group A, 40 patients with endometriosis of ovarian in group B, and 80 patients without ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis in group C. The expression levels of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the patients were compared among the three groups. The diagnostic efficacy of the levels of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the patients for their endometriosis related ovarian cancer was analyzed, and the risk factors of endometriosis related ovarian cancer of the patients were also analyzed. Results: The expression levels of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the patients in group A were the highest, and then followed by those of the patients in group C, and those of the patients in group B were the lowest (P＜0.05). The sensitivity (97.8%) of the combined levels of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the patients for diagnosing endometriosis associated ovarian cancer was significant higher than that of ARID1A level or PIK3CA level alone. The critical values of ARID1A and PIK3CA expression levels were 44.56 and 40.06, respectively. Multivariate analysis had showed that older age, menopause, high level of follicle stimulating hormone, pelvic pain, abdominal discomfort, vaginal bleeding, and young age of menarche were the independent risk factors of the occurrence of ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis. Conclusion: The expressions of ARID1A and PIK3CA of the ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis of the patients increase. It suggests that the possible factors in clinical diagnosis and early intervention should be paid more attention to for improving the diagnosis rate of the ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2200- [Abstract]（ 386 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 36 )

To analyze the relationship between persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the patients and their expression of local regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in the cervix. Methods: A total of 476 patients with HPV positive were selected as the research subjects from May 2018 to October 2020. According to the results of followed up, these patients were divided into group A (178 patients with persistent HPV infection) and group B (298 patients with HPV turning to negative). The expression of Treg was detected by flow cytometry, and HPV-DNA was detected by hybridization capture 2 generation (HC-Ⅱ). Results:  The expression of Treg (8.2±2.0%) of the patients in group A was significant higher than that (6.1±3.8 %) of the patients in group B (P＜0.05). In group A, the expression of Treg of the patients with ≥35 years old, the patients with multiple HPV infection, or the patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) by cervical biopsy was significant higher (P＜0.05), but which had no significant difference between the patients with difference (≥24kg/m2 or <24kg/m2) of body mass index (P＞0.05). Age ≥35 years old, multiple HPV infection, and Treg≥7.8% of the patients were the independent risk factors of their persistent HPV infection (P＜0.05).The expression of Treg for persistent HPV infection had predictive efficacy (P＜0.001), and the AUC, the specificity, and the sensitivity of which were 0.834 (95%CI: 0.754-0.914), 69.1%, and 73.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The persistent infection of HPV of the patients is related to the immune microenvironment of their cervix, and local Treg expression in the cervix is valuable for predicting the persistent infection of HPV.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2208- [Abstract]（ 338 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 34 )

To investigate the value of the levels of coagulation index and plasma fibrin (proto) degradation products for diagnosing diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) of puerperae. Methods: 86 puerperae with DIC in group A, 86 normal puerperae in group B, and 86 healthy women without pregnancy in group C between February 2015 and April 2020 were collected retrospectively. The levels of blood coagulation indicators and plasma fibrin (proto) degradation products (FDP) of these puerperae were detected and were compared among the three groups. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between maternal prevalence of DIC of the puerperae and their levels of blood coagulation indicators and FDP. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of the levels of blood coagulation indicators and FDP for DIC. In the group A, the puerperae were further divided into group A1 (62 women with effectiveness) and group A2 (24 women with ineffectiveness) according to the effectiveness of the women after treatment. The relationship between the coagulation indexes and fibrinolysis indexes levels of the puerperae in group A and their therapeutic effect were analyzed. Results: The levels of FDP, prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), and D-dimer (D-D) of the puerperae in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group C and group B, but the level of platelet count (PLT) of the puerperae in group A was significant lower. The PLT level of the puerperae in group B was significant higher than that of the women in group C, but the levels of PT, TT, APTT, D-D, and FDP of the women in group C were significant lower (all P＜0.05). The levels of FDP, PT, TT, APTT, and D-D of the puerperae in group A1 were significant lower than those of the puerperae in group A2, while the PLT level of the puerperae in group A1 was significant higher (P＜0.05). Pearson analysis showed that the incidence of DIC was correlated with the levels of FDP, PT, TT, APTT, D-D, and PLT (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of FDP, PT, TT, APTT, D-D, and PLT levels for predicting DIC occurrence had the best effect. Conclusion:  The coagulation index and FDP levels of the puerperae for predicting their DIC occurrence have high significance. The increase of D-D and FDP levels indicates the occurrence of fibrinolysis, and the decrease of PLT and the increase of PT, TT, and APTT indicate coagulation function decreasing.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2215- [Abstract]（ 332 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 36 )

To evaluate the effect of different surgical methods of total hysterectomy of women on their pelvic floor dysfunction by transperineal ultrasound examination. Methods: The clinical data of 180 women who underwent total hysterectomy from February 2016 to October 2019 were collected retrospectively. According to the different surgical paths, these women were divided into three groups, which included women with transabdominal hysterectomy group in group A, women with transvaginal hysterectomy in group B, and women with laparoscopic hysterectomy in group C. According to the different scope of operation, these women were also divided into group D (women with intrafascial hysterectomy) and group E (women with extrafascial hysterectomy). Gynecological examination, pelvic organ prolapse quantitative (POP-Q) grading, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) assessment, and transperineal ultrasonographic pelvic floor muscle examination were performed for the women in the three groups 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: There was no significant differences in the incidences of SUI and POP of the women in 6 months and 12 months after surgery among group A, group B, and group C (P>0.05). The values of ΔA, ΔC, ΔL, andεmeasured by pelvic ultrasound of the women in group A, group B, and group C had increase gradually (P<0.05), but which had no significant differences among group A, group B, and group C (P>0.05). The incidences of postoperative SUI and POP of the women 6 months after operation had no significant differences between group D and group E (P>0.05), but the incidence of SUI in 12 months after operation of the women in group E was significant higher than that of the women in group D (P<0.05), and the incidence of POP of the women in 12 months after operation had no significant difference between group D and group E (P>0.05). The values of ΔA, ΔC, ΔL, andεmeasured by pelvic ultrasound of the women in group D and group E had increased gradually in 6 and 12 months after operation (P<0.05). The values of ΔA, ΔC, andΔL measured by pelvic ultrasound of the women in group D and group E in 6 months after operation had significant differences (P<0.05), but the εvalue had no significant difference between group D and group E (P>0.05). The values of ΔA, ΔC, andΔL measured by pelvic ultrasound of the women in group D in 12 months after operation were significant higher than those of the women in group E (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in the influence of transabdominal, transvaginal, or laparoscopic total hysterectomy of the women on their pelvic floor muscle function. Intrafascial total hysterectomy of the women may be more beneficial to protecting their pelvic floor muscle function.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2224- [Abstract]（ 379 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 35 )

To compare the anesthesia quality and safety between general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia during cesarean section of the women with placenta previa. Methods: The clinical data of 100 women who had undergone cesarean section due to placenta previa from January 2017 to August 2020 were selected in the research. These women were divided into 48 cases with general anesthesia in group A and 52 cases with epidural anesthesia in group B according to the different anesthesia methods. The anesthesia quality, the perioperative indicators, the hemodynamics indicators, the pregnancy outcomes, and the adverse reactions rate of the women were compared between the two groups. Results: There were significant different in the duration (2.75±0.54 min vs. 14.58±1.75 min) from anesthesia onset (matching the requirements of skin incision), the duration (10.68±1.88min vs. 21.84±2.38min) from the induction of anesthesia to fetal delivery, and the rate (95.8% vs. 80.8%) of excellent or good anesthesia during operation of the women between group A and group B (P＜0.05). The operative time, the intraoperative blood loss, the intraoperative infusion volume, the intraoperative blood transfusion volume, and the rate of vasopressor drugs used of the women in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group B (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in heart rate (HR), the values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the women at T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 between the two groups (P＞0.05). The HR value of the women in group A at T1, T2, T3, or T4 was significant higher than that of the women in group B, but the MAP value of the women in group A was significant lower (P＜0.05). The HR value of the women in group A or group B at T1, T2, T3, or T4 was significant higher than that at T0, and the MAP value of the women in group A or group B at T1, T2, T3, or T4 was significant lower than that at T0 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the pregnancy outcomes of the women between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions (25.0%) of the women in group A was significant higher than that (7.7%) of the women in group B (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Compared with that of epidural anesthesia, general anesthesia during cesarean section of the women with placenta previa works more quickly with better anesthesia effectiveness. But epidural anesthesia has less adverse influence on perioperative indicators and hemodynamics of the women than those of general anesthesia, and which also can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions of the women. The two anesthesia methods both have less effect on the pregnancy outcomes of the women, so the anesthesia method should be rationally selected according to the condition of the women.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2232- [Abstract]（ 299 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 33 )

Calreticulin is one of proinflammatory factor and which has been widely concerned as a marker of inflammation. Based on promoter and different selective splicing, calreticulins can encode a variety of subtypes of proteins that perform different biological functions. With the development of the application and research of molecular biology, more and more calreticulin subtypes have been detected in the women with pregnancy related diseases, and these different calreticulin subtypes are inevitably related to the occurrence and development of pregnancy related diseases. At present, the mechanism of action between the different calreticulin subtypes and the pregnancy related diseases has become a research hotspot. Further research on the mechanism of action of calreticulin can provide a new vision for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis evaluation, and overcoming drug resistance of the women with pregnancy related diseases.

2021 Vol. 29　(10):　2241- [Abstract]（ 324 ） HTML (0 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 30 )