To investigate the influence of blood glucose control level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on their pregnancy outcomes and their neonatal blood glucose level. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 107 pregnant women with GDM from October 2016 to October 2019 and 50 normal pregnant women during the same period. According to their blood glucose control conditions, these women were divided into group A (53 women with good blood glucose control) and group B (54 women with poor blood glucose control). 50 normal pregnant women were included in group C. The blood glucose level, the value of body mass index (BMI), and the pregnancy outcomes of the women, the neonatal blood glucose and serum insulin levels, and the neonatal complications rate were compared among the three groups. Results: The blood glucose level and the BMI value of the women in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group B and group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportions of cesarean section and natural delivery of the women among the three groups (P>0.05). The total incidences of complications, such as premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, ketoacidosis, hydramnios, and puerperal infection, of the women in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group B and group C, and the neonatal blood glucose level (2.43±0.76mmol/L) in group A was significant lower than that in group B and group C. The neonatal serum insulin level (264.78±57.38 mmol/L) in group A was significant higher than that in group B and group C. The incidences of neonatal preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, macrosomia, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia in group A were significant higher than those in group B and group C (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal complications between group B and group C (P>0.05). Conclusion: Controlling blood glucose levels of the pregnant women with GDM can improve the maternal and neonatal outcomes, and can reduce the incidence of neonatal complications.