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Chinese Journal of Family Planning

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  • 2012 Volume 20 Issue 1
    Published: 15 January 2012
      
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  • New year's message
    Chen Li
    2012, 20(1): 4.
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  • Patterns and geographical distribution of contraceptive services in villages in rural China
    Che Yan
    2012, 20(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore patterns of contraceptive services in villages in rural China and difference of their geographical distribution. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to identify the patterns. Geographic information system was adopted to show regional differences of the contraceptive service patterns in villages across China. Results: Contraceptive services in villages were classified into three categories. Service stations in the first category were effective in provision of oral pills, condoms, spermicides and contraceptive counseling and moderate in provision of visiting pills, informed choice and drugs of preventing side-effects of oral pills. Service stations in the second category emphasized on provision of oral pills, condoms and contraceptive counseling, but were poor in other contraceptive services. Those in the third category poorly provided contraceptive counseling, informed choice and condoms and were rare in other services. The three patterns of contraceptive services in villages accounted for 49.3%, 38.7% and 12.0% of the total number, respectively. Geographic information system showed that the service patterns in villages varied between regions of China. Conclusion: Contraceptive services in villages in rural China can be classified into three categories. Their distribution varies between geographical regions across the country.
  • Survey on medical abortion services of China
    Ji Ning, Pang Cheng, He Dian, Zhang Yin, Zhou You, Cheng Yimin
    2012, 20(1): 12. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore the situation of medical abortion (MA) services in China. Methods:Shenzhen city and Henan Province were selected intentionally. A multiple stratified sampling method was used to choose totally 658 abortion service providers from family planning service centers (FPSC) and hospitals between Nov., 2009 and May, 2010. Results:Firstly, 97.80%, 99.20%, 68.00%, 74.30% and 95.90% service providers reported they performed general physical checkup, ultrasound examination, analgesic therapy, alleviation of vomiting and antibiotic prophylaxis to each woman or some women when providing MA services. Secondly, as to the quality of MA services, toilet facilities for discharge of gestational sac and the gestational sac washing equipment were relatively poor, scoring 3.02 and 3.15 respectively. Thirdly, Service providers scored 56.91 on service experience in using mifepristone combined with oral prostaglandin (or misoprostol / gemeprost) and scored 70.29 in using cervical dilation and vacuum aspiration. Multivariate analysis showed that the educational level and years of service had an impact on service expedience in MA. Conclusion: The MA-related services are in a good situation. The toilet facilities for discharge of gestational sac and the gestational sac washing equipment need to improve. Most service providers have service experience in MA.
  • Study on providers perceptive about medical abortion: A qualitative research
    Ren Shanshan, Mao Qunxia, Jiang Xiaomei, Pang Cheng, Cheng Yimin
    2012, 20(1): 16. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore abortion service providers' perception about medical abortion and its influencing factors. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews among 32 abortion service providers in Shenzhen City and Henan province in May 2009. Results: Most providers regarded high incidence of incomplete abortion, long duration of bleeding, multiple counseling, severe complications and side-effects, and challenge in communication with clients were major demerits of medical abortion, while higher acceptability and less impairment were its merits. Given that both medical abortion and surgical abortion were suitable, only minority of providers would like to recommend or choose the medical abortion. Considering about "safety", "efficiency", and sometimes the effect of "implementation of policy", most respondents would select a surgical method. Majority of providers indicated that there was no relationship between the abortion method and providers' personal benefits. However, the money-oriented behavior during abortion method recommendation and selection in medical facilities couldn't be excluded completely. Abortion clients were not influenced by the payment in choosing a medical or a surgical abortion. Conclusion: Concerning about safety, efficacy, workload, and policy implementation, providers tend to opine that a surgical abortion is more suitable than a medical abortion in China. So we suggest that comprehensive and integrated training on medical abortion should be developed among providers. Specialization and cooperation as well as referral should be promoted to remove the restriction of existing medical resources on the availability of medical abortion services .
  • Status and influencing factors of repeated induced abortion among unmarried women in Shanghai
    Yin Xunli, Zuo Xiayun, Lou Chaohua, Jin Hongmei, Yu Chunyan, Wang Ziliang
    2012, 20(1): 20. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of repeated induced abortion among unmarried women in Shanghai and to explore appropriate strategies to decrease the rate of repeated induced abortion. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 429 unmarried women aged below 25, seeking abortion in 3 different hospitals which provided routine abortion service in Shanghai. Results: About one third respondents were repeated abortion seekers, among them 79.29% had undergone one induced abortion before, 27.66% had sought the first abortion before the age of 20, and 11.68% had undergone two induced abortions within six months. In comparison with those without repeated induced abortion, higher proportion of repeated seekers had the first sexual intercourse before the age of 19 (31.91% 23.51%, P<0.05), longer history of sexual behavior (76.06% 37.63%, P<0.01), multi-partners (60.87% 27.14%, P<0.01), and had been in cohabitation (55.32% 40.91%, P<0.01), a contraceptive failure for this unwanted pregnancy (37.32% 27.18%, P<0.05)and. While lower proportion of repeated abortion seekers reported no contraceptive use during the last six months (11.97% 23.51%,P<0.05). Multivariate analysis also showed that having sexual behavior, multi-partners and cohabitation for a long time as well as failure in contraceptive use resulting in current pregnancy were risk factors of repeated induced abortion. Conclusion: High proportion of unmarried women undergone repeated induced abortion could be closely related to their unsafe sexual behaviors. It is urgent to provide information and education and communication (IEC) intervention on contraceptives for unmarried women, to increase their correct use of modern and efficient contraceptive methods, and to promote post abortion counseling and education services in hospital.
  • Impact of painless induced abortion on reproductive health
    Zuo Huanrong
    2012, 20(1): 25. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore the relationship between repeated abortion and painless induced abortion. Methods: A total of 324 women seeking for induced abortion in Tianjin Research Institute for Family Planning Clinic between Jan., 2009 and June 2009 were followed up for one year, 218 women in the painless induced abortion group and 106 in the conventional surgical abortion group. The contraceptive use and the time of the first sexual intercourses after the previous abortion, interval and difference of psychological states when seeking for abortions were evaluated. Results: The repeated abortion rate was much higher in the painless induced abortion group than that in the conventional surgical abortion group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in contraceptive use and the time of the first sexual intercourses after the previous abortion, incidence of repeated abortion, and psychological states when seeking for abortions between the two groups. Conclusion: Painless induced abortion might result in higher repeat abortion rate although it alleviates the pain during the procedure. It is necessary to provide effective post-abortion family planning services, especially to those who have had painless induced abortion.
  • A study on genetic polymorphisms of nine short tandem repeat loci in Chinese Han population
    Zhang Yanping, Wang Lin, Wang Yi, Wang Xiaomei, Chen Xianli, Cheng Jie, Liu qing, Ma Xu
    2012, 20(1): 27. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To investigate genetic polymorphism of 9 short tandem repeat (STR) loci of 203 unrelated individuals in Han population and assess their usefulness in forensic casework. Methods: Nine loci (D18S1364, D12S391, D13S325, D6S1043, D2S1772, D11S2368, D22-GATA198B05, D8S1132 and D7S3048) of 203 DNA samples were amplified using STR_Typer_10_vl kit, and the PCR products were analyzed and genotyped by ABI 310 genetic analyzer. Results: One hundred and five alleles and 367 genotypes were observed. The number of alleles was between 9 and 17. The allele frequencies and heterozygote were 0.003 to 0.277 and 0.763 to 0.865, respectively. Power of discrimination was between 0.910 and 0.965. The cumulated power of discriminating was 0.999 999 999 998 122 1, and the cumulative chance of exclusion of triplet was 0.999 955 67. These 9 loci were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusion: The multiplex amplification system of 9 loci is a useful tool in forensic paternity test, genetic and anthropological study.
  • Effects of age on oxidative stress and DNA integrity of human sperm
    Nie Zhaoyan, Wu Haifeng, Zhang Na, Guo Lina, Zhao Suying, Zhen Xiuli, Zhang Yi
    2012, 20(1): 30. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore effects of age on oxidative stress and DNA integrity of human sperm. Methods: Ninety-five men aged 21 to 53 who underwent IVF-ET for female infertility were divided into three groups according to their ages. Semen samples were collected. The sperm parameters, maleic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration and nuclear DNA integrity of the three groups were analyzed . Results: There were no significant differences in the semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm normal morphology among the three groups (P>0.05). Men who were less than 35 years old and 35-39 years old had significantly more motile sperm than those not less than 40 years of age (P<0.05). The oxidative percent of semen samples of men not less than 40 years old was higher than those in men less than 35 and 35-39 years old (P all <0.05). The DNA damaged percent of semen samples of men not less than 40 years old was higher than those in men less than 35 (P<0.05) and 35-39 years old (P>0.05). The reactive oxygen species level and DNA integrity were positively correlated with the age by Pearson correlation analysis (r=0.43, and 0.27, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion: Male age probably affects motile, oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage. It is necessary to concern about the male age when preparing for pregnancy.
  • Relationship betwen zona pellucida thickness and its variation of human embryos and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization
    Lu Linlin, Bai Xiaohong, Lv Rui
    2012, 20(1): 33. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To investigate influencing factors of the zona pellucida thickness (ZPT) / zona pellucida thickness variation (ZPTV) of human embryos, and to explore the relationship between ZPT/ZPTV and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo trasfer. Methods: Fifty-one IVF/ICSI cycles (119 fresh embryos) were included in the study. The ZPT of these embryos was measured by the laser system measurement software and the ZPTV was calculated. Results: There were no significant differences in ZPT and ZPTV values between IVF and ICSI cycles. The ZPT value of pregnancy cycles was lower than that of unpregnancy cycles, showing no significant difference. While the ZPTV value of pregnancy cycles was significantly higher than that of unpregnancy cycles (P<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate of the embryos with mean ZPTV value not less than 20% was significantly higher than that of those with mean ZPTV value less than 20% (P<0.005). There were no significant differences in ZPT and ZPTV values among women less than 30 years old, 30-35 years old and not less than 35 years old (P all >0.05). Mean ZPTV value of women with basal FSH not less than 8U/L was significantly lower than that of those less than 8U/L (P<0.05). There was no significantly difference in the ZPT value between women with basal FSH not less than 8mIU/ml and those less than 8mIU/ml. There were no significant differences in ZPT values between different implantation rates of 0, 33.33% to 66.67% and 100%. While the ZPT value of cycles with the implantation rate of 0 was higher than those with the implantation rates of 33.33% to 66.67% and 100%. Conclusion: ZPTV, rather than ZPT, is a reliable parameter to evaluate the embryo quality and pregnancy outcome.
  • Down-regulation of three long protocols on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer outcome
    Jiang Chenglong, Zheng Rong, Huang Xiaohui, Luo Lijuan, Zhou Xiaoyan, Hu Dongling,Zhang Changjun
    2012, 20(1): 37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-8189.2012.01
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    Objective: To explore effects of three kinds of down-regulation protocols on clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: A total of 752 women were enrolled and randomized into 3 groups prospectively. Women received 0.05 mg/d of short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) injection in group A (304 cycles). Women in group B (218 cycles) were administered 0.1 mg/d GnRHa for 10 to 14 days , followed by 0.05 mg/d until human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration. In group C (230 cycles), women were injected 1.25 mg of long-acting GnRHa. The mean days and dose of gonadotrophin use as well as the clinical outcome of IVF-ET were compared among the three groups. Results: The mean down-regulation day in group B was significantly longer than that in group C (P<0.05), and the latter was significantly longer than that in group A (P<0.05). The mean day of gonadotrophin stimulation in group C was significantly longer than that in group B (P<0.05), and the latter was significantly longer than that in group A. The mean amount of gonadotrophins and fertility rate in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B (P all <0.05). The superior quality embryo rate in group B was significantly higher than those in group A and group C (P all <0.05). No significant difference was found in the clinical pregnancy rate between group B and group C (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher than that of group A (P all <0.05). No significant differences were found in the incidence rate of moderate and severe ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS), multiple gestation pregnancy rate and abortion rate among the three groups (P all >0.05). Conclusion: Higher doses of GnRHa and delayed gonadotrophin stimulation could improve the clinical outcome, but higher dose of gonadotrophin results in higher payment for the treatment. A satisfactory effect and clinical pregnancy rate might be obtained by use of a single dose of 1.25 mg depot GnRHa.
  • Intrauterine device and female health
    Sun Yingmei, Yan Shijie
    2012, 20(1): 51.
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  • Introduction of international family planning technical guideline
    Zou Yan, Wu Shangchun
    2012, 20(1): 54.
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