To explore the value of the vaginal ultrasound combined with the serum human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-HCG) and progesterone (P) levels of women for diagnosing their ectopic pregnancy. Methods: The clinical data of 109 women with ectopic pregnancy (in study group) confirmed by the pathological examination in the hospital from January 2019 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, and 70 normal pregnant women who came to the hospital for physical examination were selected in control group during the same period. The women in the two groups after admission in the hospital were given ultrasound examination and the serum β-HCG and P levels detections. The ultrasound results and the serum β-HCG and P levels of the women were compared between the two groups. The correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the serum β-HCG and P of the women and their ultrasound indicators values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of the serum β-HCG and P levels and the endometrial thickness for their ectopic pregnancy. Results: The endometrial thickness, the serum β-HCG and P levels of the women in the study group were significantly lower than those of the women in the control group, and the maximum diameter of the mass and the blood flow resistance index (RI) value of the women in the study group were significantly higher than those of the women in the control group. The serum β-HCG and P levels of the women with ectopic pregnancy were positively correlated with their endometrial thickness, and were negatively correlated with the maximum diameter of the mass and the RI value of the women (all P<0.05). The area under the curve of the endometrial thickness, the serum β-HCG level, the P level, or the combined the endometrial thickness and the serum levels of serum β-HCG and P of the women for diagnosing their ectopic pregnancy were 0.841, 0.701, 0.904, 0.970, respectively, the sensitivity of which were 72.5%, 69.7%, 86.2%, 94.3%, respectively and the specificity of which were 81.4%, 68.6%, 72.9%, 81.5%,, respectively. The combined the endometrial thickness and the serum levels of serum β-HCG and P of the women for diagnosing their ectopic pregnancy had the higher diagnostic value. Conclusion: The combined the endometrial thickness and the serum levels of serum β-HCG and P of the women for diagnosing their ectopic pregnancy has the higher clinical diagnostic efficacy, and which can be used for the early clinical screening the ectopic pregnancy of the women.