To analyze the risk factors of the failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to observe the of these risk factors for the failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal of the women. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 214 women with GDM who were treated in hospital from March 2021 to May 2023. According to the glucose metabolism the glucose metabolism turning to normal or not in postpartum 6-12 weeks, these women were divided into group A (women with the failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal) and group B(women with the successes of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal). The data of the women at pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy, and the data of the neonates of the women in the two groups were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of the failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal of the women. The predictive value of the independent risk factors of the women for the failure of their postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal was observed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The age, the pre-pregnancy BMI value, the family history of diabetes, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the insulin used during pregnancy of the women were all the independent risk factors of their failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that, the age ≥35 years old, the pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥24 kg/m2, the family history of diabetes, the levels of FPG and HbA1c, and the insulin used during pregnancy of the women with GDM had certain predictive efficacy for their failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal, and the area under the curve (AUC) of which were 0.582, 0.590, 0.638, 0.858, 0.651 and 0.609, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The age, the pre-pregnancy BMI, the family history of diabetes, the FPG and HbA1c levels, and the insulin used during pregnancy of the pregnant women with GDM is related to their failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal, and the all of which have certain predictive value for the failure of the postpartum glucose metabolism turning to normal of the women.