To analyze the correlation between the levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and anti-endometrial antibody (EMAb) of the patients with endometriosis (EMs) and their postoperative EMs recurrence. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 112 patients with Ems who had undergone the surgical treatment between March 2017 and March 2021. According to presence or absence of the postoperative recurrence of Ems, these patients were divided into group A (32 patients with EMs recurrence) and group B (80 patients without EMs recurrence). The levels of serum CA125 and EMAb of the patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlation between the levels of serum CA125 and EMAb of the patients and their postoperative recurrence of EMs was analyzed. Results: The serum levels of CA125 and EMAb of the patients in the two groups after operation had decreased significantly, but the serum levels of CA125 and EMAb (24.68±4.61 U/ml and 0.32±0.07 ng/L) of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those (18.45±6.03 U/ml and 0.25±0.06 ng/L) of the patients in group B (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the history of dysmenorrhea, the number of induced abortions, the history of uterine cavity operation, the pelvic inflammatory disease, the combined uterine fibroids, the multiple lesions, the clinical stage, the clinical pathological type, the postoperative pregnancy situation and the levels of CA125 and EMAb of the patients between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the history of dysmenorrhea (OR=3.025), the clinical stage of EMs ≥Ⅲ staging (OR=3.077), the high positive expression level of CA125 (OR=2.3556), and the high positive expression level of EMAb (OR=2.323) of the patients were the independent risk factors of their postoperative recurrence of EMs (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The serum CA125 and EMAb levels of the patients with Ems increase, and which can be applied as the potential serum indexes for evaluating the postoperative recurrence of EMT of the patients.