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Abstract To explore the detection and characteristics of fetal malformations diagnosed by ultrasound during different gestational weeks. Methods: The clinical data of 170 pregnant women with diagnosed fetal malformation during different gestational weeks from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected in this study. All these women were examined by ultrasound, and the pathological examination of the fetus after termination of pregnancy or the delivery outcomes were taken as the gold standard for the diagnosis of fetal malformation. Results: Among 170 women, there were 163 cases with fetal malformation detected by B-ultrasound during pregnancy, and there were 7 cases with missed fetal malformation by B-ultrasound, including 3 cases during the first trimester of pregnancy, 3 cases during the second trimester of pregnancy, and 1 case during the third trimester of pregnancy. Among 170 women, 66 women had chosen to give birth, and 104 women had accepted the termination of pregnancy. 66 newborns of the women who had chosen to give birth had survived in 1 month of follow-up after born. There were 163 women with fetal malformation detected, including neurological malformations, thoracic and abdominal wall malformations, cardiovascular malformations, facial and neck malformations, limbs, spine malformations, urinary system malformations, and other fetal malformations. 4 fetuses with multiple malformations were detected during the second trimester of pregnancy, 159 fetuses with single malformations were detected. Among 163 fetuses with malformations detected, there were 35 (21.5%) cases with cardiovascular malformations, 32 (19.6%) cases with thoracic and abdominal wall malformations, 30 (18.4%) cases with facial and neck malformations, 25 (15.3%) cases with urinary system malformations, and 22 (13.5%) cases with central nervous system malformations. 48 fetuses with malformations detected during the first trimester of pregnancy, there were 15 (31.3%) cases with central nervous system malformations, 11 (22.9%) cases with thoracic and abdominal wall malformations, and 10 (20.8%) cases with NT/NF thickening alone. 85 fetuses with malformations detected during the second trimester of pregnancy, there were 32 (37.7%) cases with cardiovascular malformations and 17 (20.0%) cases with facial and neck malformations. 30 fetuses with malformations detected during the third trimester of pregnancy, there were 12 (40.0%) cases with urinary system malformations, which was more than other malformations. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of B-ultrasound for diagnosing the fetal malformation during the first trimester of pregnancy were 93.8% and 93.8%, which during the second trimester of pregnancy were 96.5% and 96.5%, and which during the third trimester of pregnancy were 96.7% and 96.7%. Conclusion: The fetal abnormalities during different gestational weeks all can be found by ultrasound.
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