To investigate the influence of the duration of epidural labor analgesia of women with converted to cesarean section on the choice and effect of their anesthesia mode. Methods: The clinical data of 742 pregnant women with epidural labor analgesia and converted to cesarean section from August 2018 to August 2022 were collected retrospectively. These women were divided into group A (women with epidural anesthesia during cesarean section) and group B (women with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section) according to the anesthesia mode for cesarean section. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the anesthesia mode during cesarean section, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established. The critical value of analgesia duration of the women was determined by Yoden index, and the women in group A were divided into group A1 (women with long duration of epidural analgesia) and group B (women with short duration of epidural analgesia) according to the critical value. The anesthetic effect and other indexes of the women were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 566 (76.3%) women in group A and 176 (23.7%) women in group B. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prolonged epidural analgesia, the catheter displacement, and the uterine orifice opened wide of the women were the favorable factors of their epidural anesthesia (P＜0.05), while the preoperative artificial rupture of membranes of the women was the unfavorable factors (P＜0.05). ROC results showed that the optimal threshold of the epidural analgesia duration was 9.53h, and the sensitivity and the specificity of which were 0.588 and 0.895. The probability of receiving spinal anesthesia of the women in group A1 was 2.794 times of that of the women in group A2, and the incidence of intraoperative hypotension (31.5%) of the women in group A1 was significantly higher than that (21.0%) of the women in group A2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The main anesthesia mode of the women who were converted to cesarean section during epidural labor analgesia of tried vaginal delivery were the epidural analgesia and spinal anesthesia. The duration of epidural analgesia was the important factor affecting the anesthesia mode of caesarean section. The probability of spinal anesthesia during caesarean section of the women with labor analgesia duration ≥9.53h who were converted to caesarean section was significantly higher, but the prevention of intraoperative hypotension of the women should be paid attention to.