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Abstract To investigate the application of the parameters by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3DPD-US) for evaluating the endometrial receptivity of infertility patients, and to study its correlation with the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of these patients. Methods: The clinical data of 96 infertility patients who had accepted in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for the first-time during January 2020 to October 2021 were collected. According to the final pregnancy results, these patients were divided into group A (48 cases with pregnancy) and group B (48 cases without pregnancy). Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression level of VEGF in endometrial tissues of the patients in the two groups. The ultrasonic parameters of the patients in the two groups were examined by 3DPD-US, which including vascular index (VI), blood flow index (FI), vascular blood flow index (VFI), and endometrial receptivity conventional parameters, such as endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, spiral artery resistance index (RI), spiral arterial pulsation index (PI), endometrial and subendometrial blood flow typing, and endometrial morphology. Pearson and Spearman methods were applied to analyze the correlation between the 3DPD-US parameters of the patients and their conventional endometrial receptivity parameters and VEGF expression level. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the predictive efficacy of 3DPD-US parameters of the infertility patients for their pregnancy outcomes. Results: The endometrial thickness, the values of spiral artery RI and spiral artery PI of the patients in group B were significantly higher than those of the patients in group A, while the values of VI, FI, and VFI, the positive rate of VEGF protein, and the endometrial volume of the patients in group B were significantly lower than those of the patients in group A (all P＜0.05). In group B, the 3DPD-US parameters, such as VI, FI, and VFI of the patients were negatively correlated with their endometrial thickness, and their values of spiral artery RI and spiral artery PI, and which were positively correlated with the endometrial volume and VEGF expression level of the patients (all P＜0.05), but which had no significant correlation with the endometrial and subendometrial blood flow typing, and the endometrial morphology typing (P＞0.05). The areas under the curve of the VI value, the FI value, the VFI value, and the combined of the values of VI, FI, and VFI of the patients for predicting their pregnancy outcomes were 0.842, 0.825, 0.854, and 0.961, respectively. Conclusion: The values of VI, FI, and VFI of the infertility patients can reflect their endometrial receptivity situation to a certain extent, and which has predicting role for the pregnancy outcomes of the patients.
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