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Abstract To investigate the immunoreactivity of placental fractalkine (CX3CL1) in placenta of pregnant women with preeclampsia, and to study its correlation with their placental histopathological changes and their adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: 68 pregnant women with preeclampsia were selected in observation group and 30 healthy pregnant women were selected in control group from June 2017 to June 2020. The levels of CX3CL1 in placental tissue of the women in the two groups were determined by immunohistochemical method. The relationship between the levels of CX3CL1 of the women and their pathological changes and adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed. Results: In the observation group, there were 26 women with mild preeclampsia in group A and 42 women with severe preeclampsia in group B. There were significant differences in neonatal weight, gestational weeks of delivery, the rates of intrauterine growth restriction and premature delivery, and the values of diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and 24h urinary protein level of the women among group A, group B, and the control group (P<0.05). The proportions of syncytiotrophoblast basement membrane thickening, syncytial knots, and fibrinoid necrosis in placenta tissue, and the score of vascularization of terminal villi of the women in the control group, group A, and group B had increased gradually. There were significant differences in CX3CL1 immune reactivity scales in placental trophoblastic cells and in capillary endothelial among the control group, group A, and group B (all P<0.05). In the observation group, the immunoreactivity of CX3CL1 in placental tissue of the women was correlated with their fetal intrauterine growth restriction, premature delivery, thickening of syncytiotrophoblast basement membrane, syncytial node, fibrinoid necrosis, and terminal villus vascularization. Conclusion: Compared with that of the normal pregnant women, fractalkine immunoreactivity in placental tissues of the pregnant women with preeclampsia is enhanced, and which is correlated with the pathological changes of their placental tissues and their adverse pregnancy outcomes, which means that CX3CL1 and its related pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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