To compare the influence of sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine or propofol in laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy of patients on their plasma adrenal cortex hormones levels, oxidative stress, and postoperative cognitive function. Methods:96 patients scheduled to be treated with laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy were randomly divided into group A and group B(48 cases in each group) according to the number table method from June 2018 to October 2020. The patients in group A were given sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine for anesthesia, and the patients in group B were given sevoflurane combined with propofol for anesthesia. The Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) scores, the levels of S100β protein, plasma adrenal cortex hormones, such as aldosterone(ALD), cortisol(COR), and oxidative stress response indexes, such as reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) of the patients in the two groups were compared between before and after operation. Surgical indicators of the patients in the two groups were recorded. Results: There were no significant differences in operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the patients between the two groups(P>0.05). 6h and 12h after operation, MMSE scores(23.5±2.9 points and 25.7±2.8 points) of the patients in group A were significant higher than those(21.1±2.6 points and 23.0±2.4 points) of the patients in group B. The levels of S100β protein(0.053±0.008μg/L and 0.051±0.009μg/L) of the patients in group A were significant lower than those(0.062±0.010μg/L and 0.067±0.011μg/L) of the patients in group B(P<0.05). The plasma levels of ALD, COR, ROS, MDA, and SOD of the patients in group A after extubation were all significant lower than those of the patients in group B(P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with those of sevoflurane combined with propofol used in laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy, sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine used in laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy can alleviate the vascular stress and oxidative stress response of the patients, and the postoperative cognitive function of the patients is better.