To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), before surgery of patients with uterine fibroids and the recurrence of their uterine fibroids after surgery. Methods: 252 patients with uterine fibroids who had accepted myomectomy were selected and followed up for 3 years after surgery. 71 patients with recurrence of uterine fibroids were in group A and 181 patients without recurrence of uterine fibroids were in group B. The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP of the patients before surgery were compared between the two group. The risk factors of postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids were analyzed. ROC curve was used to evaluated the predictive value of the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP for postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids. Results: The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP of the patients in group A were significant higher than those of the patients in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, age of menarche, body mass index, family history, gravidity and parity, surgical methods, maximum fibroid diameter, and postoperative pregnancy rate of the patients between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportions of multiple uterine fibroids, the serum IL-6 level >6.51 pg/ml, the TNF-α level >27.70 ng/ml, and the CRP level >4.67 mg/L of the patients in group A were significant higher than those of the patients in group B (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of uterine fibroids, serum IL-6 level >6.51 pg/ml, serum TNF-α level >27.70 pg/ml, and serum CRP level >4.67 mg/L were the independent risk factors of the postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids of the patients, while the postoperative drug treatment was the protective factor of the recurrence of uterine fibroids (P<0.05). The AUC and the specificity of the combination of serum inflammatory factors levels for predicting the postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids were 0.713, and 81.2%, respectively，and which were the highest. Conclusion: The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP of the patients with postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids before surgery elevate, and the high levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP are related to the postoperative recurrence. The combination detection of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP have some values for predicting the postoperative recurrence of uterine fibroids.