To analyze the correlation between serum leucine-rich-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and poor glucose control and their early renal injury. Methods: Pregnant women with GDM were selected in study group and healthy pregnant women were selected in control group from March 2017 to April 2019. The women in the study group were divided into group A (women with good blood glucose control) and group B (women with poor blood glucose control). The women in group B were further divided into group B 1 (women with LRG1 level ≥270) and group B2 (women with LRG1 level <270). The indexes of blood glucose, insulin, and early renal injury of the women were compared among these groups. Results: The levels of serum LRG1, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and urine microalbumin (UmAlb), and urinary micro albumin/creatinine rate (ACR) value of the women in group A were significant higher than those of the women in group B and the control group (P＜0.05), but which had was no significant difference between group A and the control group (P＞0.05). The values of FINS, HOMA-IR and ACR, and the levels of BUN, Cr, and UmAlb of the women in group B1 were significant higher than those of the women in group B2 (P＜0.05), but there were no significant different in the levels of FPG and HbA1c of the women between group B1 and group B2 (P＞0.05). The serum LRG1 level of the women in group B was positively correlated with their UmAlb level and ACR value (P＜0.001), but which had no correlation with the FINS, BUN, and Cr levels and the HOMA-IR value (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The serum LRG1 level of pregnant women with GDM and poor glucose control is correlated with their early renal injury index, which is expected to be the new serum marker for predicting early renal injury of pregnant women with GDM.