To investigate the acceptance status and cognitive level of cervical cancer and breast cancer (two cancers) of rural women from Haikou in recent 5 years, and to analyze the factors influencing of their screening behavior. Methods: 504 rural adult women in Haikou area were selected by stratified random sampling method. The basic information, the awareness of the knowledge about two cancers, the participation in two cancers screening, and the reasons for not participating in the screening were investigated by questionnaires and interviews. Results: The awareness rate of the knowledge about two cancers of the responders was 71.0%, which had decreased with the increase of the age of the responders, but had increased with the increase of their education level, and the awareness rate of responders with family history of two cancers was significant higher (P＜0.05). 53.0% responders had been accepted two cancers screening, and the percentage increased year by year in the past 5 years. The main reasons for not participating in the screening were " no need screening because of physical health " (22.4%), "no time" (18.1%), "not received  notice" (16.0%), "regular physical examination items without two cancers screening " (10.1%), and "no women around participation in two cancers screening " (9.7%). The main reasons for participating in the two cancer screening included "village cadres' organization" (67.0%), "concerned about their own health" (62.9%), “free screening " (33.0%), and " around women participation in two cancers screening " (28.1%). 80.0% of the responders could accept two cancers screening once a year and 75.0% of the responders were willing to bear part of the screening costs. The amount of those responders willing to bear the screening costs mainly ranged from ≤50 Yan (25.2%) to 51-100 Yuan (24.8%). The main reasons of the responder’s unwillingness to pay for the screening included "unnecessary" (7.9%), "high cost" (7.5%), and "poor economic conditions" (7.5%). Conclusion: The rate of two cancers screening of the rural women from Haikou has an increasing trend in recent five years, but the participation rate still needs to be improved. The cognitive level of knowledge about two cancers of the rural women is low. Although the necessity and willingness to pay for two cancers screening are high, their ability to actually pay for is low.