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Abstract To detect the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the endometrium of the patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and to explore their clinical significance. Methods: 40 patients with RIF after IVF-ET from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected in RIF group, and 40 patients with successful pregnancy after IVF-ET were selected in control group during the same period. The general information of the patients in both groups was collected. The endometrial tissues of patients in both groups during the middle luteal phase were obtained before IVF-ET. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of miR-155 and miR-21 in endometrium of these patients. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in peripheral venous blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The endometrial receptivity indictors were detected by B ultrasound on the embryo transfer day, which included endometrial spiral artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and endometrial thickness (Em). Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation of miR-155 and miR-21 levels of the patients with their inflammatory factors levels and endometrial receptivity indictors. The influencing factors of RIF were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. Results: Compared with those of the patients in the control group, the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-21 in the endometrium, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and the endometrial receptivity indexes (PI and RI) of the patients in RIF group were significant higher, while EM of the patients in RIF group was significant lower (all P<0.05). In RIF group, the endometrial miR-155 and miR-21 levels of the patients were positively correlated with their serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, and their PI and RI values (P<0.05), bur were negatively correlated with their Em value (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and the values of PI, RI, and Em were neither the risk factors nor the protective factors of the patients with RIF after IVF-ET (P>0.05), and miR-155 and miR-21 levels were the risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of miR-155 and miR-21 in endometrium of patients with RIF increase, which may be used as the potential markers for diagnosing their RIF.
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