To investigate the expression of soluble glycation end product receptor (sRAGE) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) in serum and follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to analyze the relationship between the levels of sRAGE and BMP-15 in serum and follicular fluid of women with PCOS and their insulin resistance and inflammatory response. Methods: From February 2018 to June 2019, 92 women with PCOS were selected in observation group and 100 normal women of childbearing age were selected in control group. The levels of sRAGE and BMP-15 in serum and follicular fluid were detected. Pearson correlation analysis was used for evaluating the relationship between the levels of sRAGE and BMP-15 in serum and follicular fluid and their inflammatory cytokines level and insulin resistance. Results: The sRAGE level in serum and follicular fluid of women in the observation group were significant higher than those of women in the control group, but the BMP-15 level in serum and follicular fluid of women were significant lower (all P＜0.05). The levels of serum IL-6, hs CRP, PCT, IL-10, FPG, fins and HOMA-IR of women in the observation group were significant higher than those of women in the control group (P＜0.05). The sRAGE level in serum and follicular fluid of women in the observation group was positively correlated with their level of IL-6, hs-CRP, PCT, IL-10, PFG, or FINS, or HOMA-IR value (P＜0.05), while BMP-15 level in serum and follicular fluid of women in the observation group was negatively correlated with their level of IL-6, hs-CRP, PCT, IL-10, PFG, or FINS, or HOMA-IR value (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The sRAGE level in serum and follicular fluid of women with PCOS increases, but their BMP-15 level decreases, which both are related to insulin resistance and inflammatory response of women with PCOS.