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Abstract To investigate the risk factors of postoperative infections of women after cesarean section, and to study the changes of their T lymphocyte subsets and interleukin clusters (ILs) levels. Methods: 631 women undergone cesarean sections were enrolled in the study from January 2017 to January 2019. The postoperative infection status and its related risk factors were analyzed. The levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and ILs (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) of women were detected and compared between the women with infection and the women without infection. Results: There were 42 women with postoperative infection after cesarean section, and the infection rate was 6.7%. The mainly infections was surgical site infection (2.2%), urinary system infection (1.9%), and reproductive system infection (1.3%). The Gram-negative bacterium was the main pathogens, which accounted for 73.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years old, body mass index (BMI) ≥28kg/m 2, fetal macrosomia, multiple pregnancy, emergency cesarean section, operation time ≥90min, intraoperative blood loss ≥500 mL, invasive operation ≥4 times, malnutrition, premature rupture of membranes, diabetes mellitus, without prevented medication, and trial production time ≥5h were risk factors for postoperative infection of women after cesarean section (P<0.05). The levels of serum CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and IL-12 of women with postoperative infection were significant lower than those of women without postoperative infection, but the levels of serum CD8+ and serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4,IL-6, IL-8 of women with postoperative infection were significant higher than those of women without postoperative infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of postoperative infection of women with cesarean section, and variety risk factors are relevant with postoperative infection of women. Postoperative infection can cause the disorder of T lymphocyte subset and abnormal ILs secretion, so it is important to reduce the infection rate by actively preventing infection and by targeted intervention based on detecting related indicators.
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