To understand the occurrence and outcome of re-pregnancy of women of childbearing age within 2 years after delivery in Henan Province. Methods: 5900 maternity women were randomly selected for investigation from 13 hospitals in 7 cities under the jurisdiction of Henan province from July 2015 to Dec 2016. The survey respondents were investigated by phone for their situations and outcomes of re-pregnancy, contraception, and menstrual recovery after delivery until to the followup date. Results: Among the 5,860 respondents, 675 (11.5%) were pregnant again after last delivery. The cumulative re-pregnancy rates of respondents 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months after delivery were 0.0%, 0.7%, 2.4%, 4.4%, 8.4%, 11.0%, 14.2%, and 17.5%, respectively, the cumulative re-pregnancy rates of rural women were significant higher than those of urban women (χ2=20.058，P<0.001), and the cumulative re-pregnancy rates of women with natural delivery were significant higher than those of urban women with caesareans (χ2=30.878，P<0.001). No contraception, contraceptive failure, and planned pregnancy were the main reasons of postpartum re-pregnancy, which accounted for 42.8%, 27.3% and 25.9%, respectively. And among these women with postpartum re-pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy accounted for 70.1%. The main reasons for the lack of contraception included that lactation without contraception, misunderstand on once sex in a while won’t get pregnant, without knowledge on how to contraception, and had no suitable contraception. Among contraceptive losers, the main contraception used in the order was safety period, condoms, or in vitro ejaculation. The abortion rate of re-pregnancy women in contraceptive losers or women with contraceptive failure were 59.24% and 50.17%, respectively. Conclusion: Un-willing pregnancy was the main cases of re-pregnancy women within 2 years after delivery, and most of them chose to artificial abortion. The postpartum re-pregnancy women have weak sense on contraception and lack of contraceptive knowledge, so postpartum contraceptive interventions should be strengthen to reduce unintended pregnancy.