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Abstract To investigate the correlation between the expression of 11β-HSDs in placenta of pregnant women and their gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurance. Methods: 704 puerperae were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of GDM from January 20 to April 2019. Among them, 598 women without GDM were in control group, and 106 women with GDM were in study group. The expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSDs) and the change of cortisol level of women in the two groups were detected, and the relationship between the expression of placental 11β-HSDs of women and their GDM occurance was analyzed. Results: The fasting insulin level, the insulin secretion index, and the maternal cortisol level of women in the study group were significant higher than those of women in the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference in the cord blood cortisol level and neonatal body weight between the two groups (P>0.05). The positive rate of 11β-HSD1 in placenta tissue of women in the study group was 67.9%, which was significant higher than that (5.4%) of women in the control group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that 11β-HSD1 was widely present in the outer layer of dry villus interstitial, villus and syncytiotrophoblasts of women in the study group, and 11β-HSD2 was also widely present in the outer layer of villus trophoblast cells, while which had little or no expression in placenta tissue of women in the control group. The expression level of placental 11β-HSDs was significantly correlated with GDM (r=0.67, 0.70, P=0.003, 0.004). Conclusion: The expression of 11β-HSDs in placental tissue of pregnant women has significantly correlation with their GDM occurrence.
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