To explore the association between the risk of high birth weight (HBW) and maternal chemical fertilizer exposure during pregnancy in rural areas of the north of china. Methods: Data of the newborns in this study were from a surveillance system of birth population in Pingding county, Shanxi Province between 2007 and 2012. 296 newborns whose birth weight exceeded 4000g from the system were randomly selected in group A and were followed up, and they were divided into group A1 (125 cases with birth weight≥4200g) and group A2 (171 cases with birth weight≥4000～<4200g). And the health newborns with birth weight between 2500g and 4000g were randomly chosen from the system, and were included in control group. Chemical fertilizer exposure was measured by the chemical fertilizer usage at village level and family level. And multilevel and multi-factor analysis was performed to explore the potential chemical fertilizer exposure risks relative to HBW.  Results: In the group A2, after adjusting confounding factors, the risk of HBW of women with annual chemical fertilizer usage≥100 tons were 2.54（95% CI：1.02-5.95）times higher than that of women with the usage <50 tons. In group A, after adjusting confounders, multi-level and multifactor Logistic regression results showed that the risk of HBW of women with annual chemical fertilizer usage≥100 tons were 2.16（95% CI：1.05-4.44）times higher than that of women with the usage <50 tons. Conclusion: The risk of HBW was associated with maternal chemical fertilizer exposure during pregnancy. It's suggested that pregnant women should try to avoid their chemical fertilizer exposure.