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Abstract Objective: To investigate the outcomes of glucose and lipid metabolism of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after l year of delivery, and to explore its relationship with postpartum hypertension (PHP). Methods: 120 pregnant women with GDM were included into the GDM group and 120 normal pregnant women were included into the control group from January 2016 to June 2017. The situation of glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure of all included women were compared between antenatal women and postpartum women. The correlation between the abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism situation and postpartum HP rate of women with GDM was analyzed. Results: The rates of family history with diabetes mellitus or hypertension, the rate of insulin used during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI and blood pressure (SBP and DBP) of women in the GDM group were significant higher than those of women in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of FPG, 1hPG, 2hPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC and TG of prenatal women in the GDM group were significant higher than those of women in the control group, the levels of HBCI and HDL-C were significant lower (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in LDL-C level between the two groups (P>0.05). One year after delivery, the BMI, and levels of FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, SBP and DBP of women in the GCM group were significant higher than those of women in the control group, the level of HDL-C was significant lower (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in levels of FINS and HBCI between the two groups (P>0.05). One year after delivery, the incidences of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM), abnormal lipid metabolism (ALM), HP, and overweight or obesity of women in the GDM group were 47.5%, 47.5%, 16.7% and 35.0%, respectively, which were significant higher than those of women (7.5%, 19.2%, 1.7% and 20.0%, respectively) in the control group (P<0.05). In the GDM group, the age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and rate of admission to SBP and DBP, postpartum AGM and ALM, and overweight or obesity of women with HP were significant higher than those of women without HP (P<0.05), but the compliance rate of diet and exercise, rate of medical nutrition therapy during pregnancy, and the rate of postpartum balanced diet and regular exercise were significant lower than those of women without HP (P<0.05). Pre-pregnancy BMI, the rate of abnormal SBP and DBP in hospital, and HOMA-IR, rates of postpartum AGM and ALM, and overweight or obesity rate were the risk factors for postpartum HP of women with GDM (P<0.05), while the balanced diet and regular exercise were the protective factors for them (P<0.05). Conclusion: Women with GDM have disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum, which have potential risk for postpartum hypertension. Glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, abnormal blood pressure in hospital and HOMA-IR, and pre-pregnant and postpartum overweight or obesity may be the risk factors for postpartum hypertension.
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