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Abstract To investigate the status of reproductive health of the left behind children from the rural areas of Yun'nan and Hebei Provinces. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 205 eligible participants as the target population. Epidemiological survey using self-designed questionnaire was conducted. All the analyses were done by SPSS software (version 13.0).Results: The proportion of grandparents' guardianship for Left behind pupils' was high (>90.0%). Though they had a little knowledge of reproductive health (for example, more than 80.0% of them knew and had a sense of body privacy protection), their knowledge of reproductive health was still scarce (about 80.0% of them did not know "menstruation " and 50.0% of them did not know the behavior leading to pregnancy). Half of them could not or were not willing to talk about the reproductive problems with their parents and the other elders. Most of them were lack of health awareness when they faced to possible adverse sexual behavior occurs. For unplanned pregnancy, only 2/3 of the participants from Yun'nan and 14.0% of those from Hebei province would visit a doctor. Conclusion: In order to improve the reproductive health of the left behind children from Chinese rural areas, some special strategy and methods such as reproductive health education for the youth based on multi sectoral participation, school focused on, and family members involved in, should be performed immediately.
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