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Abstract Objective: To analyze contraceptive chosen of jiangxi women of childbearing age under the two child policy, and to provide evidence for improving the quality of family planning service. Methods: Based on the results of 2017 China Fertility Status Sample Survey, 4678 married or cohabiting Jiangxi women under 49 years old were included, and SPSS20.0 software was used to describe and analyze the situation of birth control method choices of these included women with different characteristics. Results: Among these women of childbearing age, 46.8% women had chosen sterilization and 30.6% women had chosen intrauterine devices (IUD), and sterilization and IUD were the main long-term contraception. 20.7% women had chosen condoms, while only 1.9% women had chosen subcutaneous implants, intrauterine injections, or oral contraceptive pill. Choices of birth control method was effected by marriage status, educational degree, health condition, children quantity, household registration type, employment status, age, average monthly income (P<0.05). 63.4% women in remarried families had chosen reversible contraception, which was 12.2 percentage points higher than that of women from first marriage families. The women with low education level had mainly chosen sterilization and IUD, but women with high education level had less chosen sterilization. The choice of sterilization by women from rural areas was significant higher than that of women from urban areas. Women from low family income had tended to choose sterilization and IUD, while women from high income family had chosen condoms at a higher rate. Conclusion: The publicity should be enhanced, the birth control knowledge of women of childbearing age should be improved, the content of contraceptive should be enriched, the informed choice of contraception and birth control measures of childbearing age women should be fully guaranteed, approaches should be innovative to expanding the availability and availability of free contraceptives, and scientific advocacy should be strengthen for increasing male acceptance and participation in contraception.
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