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XU Ji-hong, MA Xu
Objective: To explore the distribution of preconception psychological stress and its related factors among women of childbearing age. Methods: The data were collected from the project of 2010-2013 National Free Pre-pregnancy Health Survey, which included the basic information, medical history and psychological stress of 540 500 women of childbearing age. The factors affecting preconception psychological stress were evaluated by using the logistic regression analysis. Results: About 3% of women of childbearing age felt greater psychological stress before pregnancy, and there were significant differences in the proportion of psychological stress distribution among different socio-demographic variables. The odd rates of high psychological stress of women with histories of diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes or smoking and drinking were two times as that without those histories. Conclusion: Some women of childbearing age felt greater psychological stress before pregnancy. The important factors affecting the psychological stress before pregnancy for women of childbearing age included age, occupation, educational level, a history of diseases and poor behavior habits before pregnancy. Through this research, we hope to draw attention to psychological stress before pregnancy for women of childbearing age, and the results of this study could provide an important basis for the preconception mental health care.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 508- [Abstract]（
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JIA Yu-fang
Objective: To explore fertile woman's awareness and attitude toward 'new family planning policy (NFPP)', namely two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family, and to analyze the NFPP's potential influence on their childbearing desire by a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 1520 fertile women aged between 18 and 45 were selected through 4 stages random sampling method among 8 districts/towns in Kunshan City, data were collected through face-to-face interview. Results: About 87.89% of fertile women knew the NFPP, and 65.39% of them had a positive attitude toward NFPP, urban residents had higher awareness and support to NFPP than rural ones, and the awareness and support toward NFPP were higher among fertile women with higher educational level and income. After the announcement of NFPP, 15.53% unmarried women, 20.69% married women without child and 31.60% married women with one child had decided to change their childbearing desire, and planned to have two children (or another child). Whereas, some fertile women had no desire to have another child; reasons mainly included "heavy economic burden", "Dinks", "strict abidance by Chinese family planning policy" and "infertility". Conclusion: The NFPP has an influence on qualified fertile woman's childbearing desire and some of them will give birth to another child in the near future, so health and family planning committee, education departments, social security departments should adjust their work and arrangement to adapt to the challenge of NFPP.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 514- [Abstract]（
56
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CHEN Jian-ping, FAN Hua, LIU Xiao-qin, et al
Objective: To explore the fertility preference and fertility status among married population of reproductive age in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 8507 respondents were sampled from the "population and family planning management information system of Shanghai" based on the living districts, and their fertility preference as well as the fertility status were then investigated by self-designed questionnaire. Results: Up to 73.13% of the respondents considered two as the ideal number of children for a family, with an average of 1.75. With regard to the ideal gender composition of children, 60.95% of the respondents preferred "one boy and one girl", and 31.24% of the subjects had no son-preference. Considering their own condition but policy, 48.49% of the respondents preferred having two children, and the average preferred number of children was 1.46, but no statistical difference was found among different family types (only one of the couple was the single child of his/her family, both of the couple were single children, none of the couple was a single child). Moreover, 41.55% of the subjects expected to have "one boy and one girl", and 41.76% had no son-preference about the gender composition of their children. Those who held more stable jobs, with higher educational level or higher income, or who were born in provinces and cities other than Shanghai preferred more children. The subjects had an average of 0.84 children, 75.71% of them had one child, and 20.33% had never been pregnancy or had no child. Conclusion: The preferred number of children of the subjects is one or two, and those with more stable jobs or higher income prefer to have more children. No son-preference is found in this study.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 519- [Abstract]（
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JIANG Ru-gang，FU Xiang，ZHOU Jing，et al
Objective: To explore the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and its influencing factors among married women of childbearing age in rural area in Xianning City，and to provide the evidence for prevention of RTIs．Methods：A multistage sampling for 1826 married women of childbearing age was performed, and standard methods were used to questionnaire investigation，clinic and laboratory examinations．The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influence factors of RTIs．Results：In this survey，675 RTIs were identified with a overall prevalence of 36.97%. The incidence rates of cervicitis，bacterial vaginosis, candida and trichomonas vaginitis were 26.78%, 16.76%, 7.17% and 3.89% respectively．Those of appendagitis，chlamydia， gonorrhea and condyloma acuminatum were 2.08%, 1.97%, 0.11% and 0.05%, respectively. About 53.19% (359/675) of these infected women were symptomatic．The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that common risk factors of RTIs were less than 1500 Yuan of family income, 30 to 39 years of age, intrauterine device insertion, history of RTIs, not less than 3 deliveries, mixed utensils for washing vulva, while the relative knowledge of RTIs might be the protective factor．Conclusion: The prevalence rate of RTIs in married women of childbearing age was high. The incidence of RTIs is related to multiple factors. Integrated intervention measures should be improved to prevent and control RTIs．
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 526- [Abstract]（
50
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ZHAO Ying-mei，XU Yi-qun，WANG Li-li，et al
Objective: To compare the effectiveness, side effects and life quality of MYCu intrauterine device (IUD) in healthy Chinese women. Methods: The women of childbearing age seeking for IUD insertion were randomly divided into MYCu (n=368) and TCu380A (n=369) groups. And IUD was inserted at the menstrual interphase. The follow-up visits were carried out in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months to compare the clinical effects of two IUDs. Results: The follow-up rates in 12 months were 99.45% and 100.00% in MYCu group and TCu380A group, respectively. The cumulative continuous rate in 12 months was 94.02 and 91.87 per 100 woman-years, respectively (P＞0.05). The pregnancy rate with IUD in situ were 0.56 and 0.00 per 100 woman-years, respectively (P=0.1703). The expulsion rate were 0.57 and 1.95 per 100 woman-years, respectively (P=0.0947). No IUD removal due to lower position was found. The removal rates due to bleeding and paining were 3.01 and 6.03 per 100 woman-years, respectively (P=0.0849). The side effects were less common in MYCu group than in TCu380A group in 1, 3 and 6 months (P<0.05). Life qualities were improved in both groups. Conclusion: Compared with TCu380A IUD, MYCu IUD shows similar continuous rate and pregnancy rate, lower pain as well as bleeding rates. Therefore, it is a kind of IUD with priorities of better clinical effectiveness and lower side-effects.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 531- [Abstract]（
52
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HUANG Hui-juan
Objective: To compare the clinical effects of intrauterine device (IUD) removal with or without tibolone. Methods: From January 2012 to January 2014 in our outpatient service department 220 menopausal women seeking for IUD removal were recruited and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number method, and 110 women in each group. Women in the observation group received 2.5 mg of tibolone daily for 7 days, and on the 7th day, the operation was done 2h after drug intake, while women in the control group were operated directly with no use of the drug. The cervical softening degrees, operation time, blood loss, and successful rate of IUD removal of two groups were recorded and compared. Results: The successful rates of IUD removal in the observation group was 98.2% (108/110), significantly higher than that of the control group (89.1%, 98/110, χ2= 18.707, P<0.05). There were 3 cases (2.7%) of poor cervix softening in the observation group, significantly lower than that of the control group (40.9%, 45/110, χ2= 47.006, P<0.05). There were 97 women (88.2%) with mild side-effects in the observation group , significantly higher than that of the control group (64.6%, 71/110, χ2= 17.024, P<0.05); And 2 cases (1.8%) of severe side-effects were found in the observation group, significantly lower than that of the control group (12.7%, 14/110, χ2= 9.706, P< 0.05) . No severe adverse reaction was found in the observation group. Conclusion: There is higher success rate in menopausal women seeking for intrauterine device removal after taking tibolone. The drug could reduce incidences of vaginal bleeding and other complications, and it is also safe, convenient, and worthy of clinical promotion.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 537- [Abstract]（
44
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BAI Song-lin, JIANG Xiao-hui, LI Yu-lin, et al
Objective: To investigate the effect of weight-loss herbal decoction combined with acupuncture and exercise on endocrine markers and pregnancy outcomes in non-obesity polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with deficiency of Qi and blood stasis. Methods: A total of 125 non-obesity PCOS patients were randomly divided into two groups. Weight-loss herbal decoction combined with acupuncture and exercise was given to the study group and dimethylbiguanide plus Diane-35 was given to the controls for 6 courses, respectively. A 6-month follow-up was conducted after treatment discontinued, endocrine markers pre-and post-treatment and pregnant outcomes were compared. Results: The ovarian size, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), fasting insulin (FINS), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly decreased in both groups post-treatment (P＜0.05) with no statistical difference between groups (P＞0.05). Rates of ovulation and pregnancy were 46.92% and 40.61% in the study group, 32.26% and 30.16% in the control group, showing no significant statistical differences between groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Weight-loss herbal decoction combined with acupuncture and exercise has similar therapeutic effect with dimethylbiguanide plus Diane-35 in aspect of improving IR, decreasing T concentration, facilitating ovulation and increasing the pregnancy rate in non-obesity PCOS patients.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 540- [Abstract]（
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XU Dan, JIANG Xu-zhen
Objective: To analyze the accuracy of colposcopy biopsy in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the associated factors in missed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 118 patients with CIN diagnosed by biopsy under colposcopy were retrospective analyzed. All patients underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), with the postoperative pathology as the gold standard, the accuracy of biopsy under colposcopy in the diagnosis of CIN was observed, and related factors of missed diagnosis of cervical cancer were analyzed. Results: ①The coincidence rate of biopsy under colposcopy conforming to pathological examination after LEEP operation in 101 patients was 85.59%, and the pathological leve of 23 (19.49%) patients increased , including 17 (14.41%) cases of the missed diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. ②The missed diagnosis rates of cervical cancer in patients with age not less than 50 years old, HSIL of cytology detection, CINⅠof colposcopic pathology, unsatisfied quality of colposcopy image, only one biopsy specimen, less than 1/2 of cervical lesion area were higher (P all＜0.05). HSIL of colposcope pathology, the image quality of colposcopy, the number of biopsy specimen, and the size of cervical lesion were the key factors influencing the diagnosis of cervical cancer by colposcopy biopsy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Colposcopy is intuitive for diagnosis of cervical lesions, but still not accurate enough for the diagnosis of CIN. It is importance to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis by strengthening the identification of cervical cytology, improving operational skills of colposcopy, promoting the image quality, especially taking more biopsy.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 544- [Abstract]（
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DUAN Xue-yan, WANG Jie-dong, NING Mei-ying
Objective: To develop an ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) method for the determination of mifepristone in vaginal rings. Methods: The vaginal rings were cut into small parts and mifepristone was extracted by methanol from mifepristone-loaded vaginal rings under the condition of magnetic stirring for 12 h. The extraction sample was detected at 310 nm by UV-Vis, using methanol as blank, and external standard method was used for quantification. Results: A good linear relationship for mifepristone was obtained within the range of 5.0-15.0 μg/ml (r = 0.9999). The average recovery was (100.23±0.38)%. The relative standard deviations of precision and stability were both less than 2%. Conclusion: This method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable with a good reproducibility. And it is suitable for the determination of mifepristone in vaginal rings.
2014 Vol. 22 (8): 547- [Abstract]（
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