To explore the correlation between the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of pregnant women and their neonatal HPV infection. Methods: The clinical data of 100 pregnant women diagnosed with HPV infection during antenatal examination from January 2020 to October 2023 were selected in this study. The proportion of the different types of HPV infection of these women was calculated, and the incidence of the neonatal HPV infection and the proportion of the different types of the neonatal HPV infection were counted. These women were divided into group A (women with the high-risk HPV infection) and group B (women with the low-risk HPV infection) according to the HPV typing test results of the women. The differences of the immune function indexes values and the neonatal outcomes of the women were compared between the two groups. Results: Among 100 pregnant women with HPV infection, there were 75.0% women with high-risk HPV infection and 25.0% women with low-risk HPV infection. The HPV infection rate of the neonates was 40.0%, which included 77.5% neonates with high-risk HPV infection and 22.5% neonates with low-risk HPV infection. The levels of CD3+ (44.21±3.45%) and CD4+ (30.44±3.14%) of the women in group A were significantly lower than those (56.44±4.12% and 42.84±3.45%) of the women in group B. The rates of preterm birth (28.0%), premature rupture of membranes (21.3%), fetal growth restriction (30.7%) and neonatal HPV infection rate (46.7%) of the women in group A were all significantly higher than those (8.0%, 4.0%, 8.0% and 20.0%) of the women in group B (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The high-risk types of HPV infection, such as HPV16, HPV18 and HPV52, are the main HPV infection types of the pregnant women. The neonatal HPV infection of the pregnant women is consistent with their mothers. The pregnant women with high-risk HPV infection may increase their risk of the adverse neonatal outcomes because of their immune imbalance.