To investigate the delivery psychological trauma status of puerperas after cesarean section, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 112 puerperas after cesarean section between October 2021 and October 2023 in this study. All puerperas were investigated by the general information questionnaire, the city birth trauma scale (City BiTS), the social support rating scale (SSRS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the connor davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Then the influencing factors of the delivery psychological trauma of the puerperas after cesarean section were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 112 questionnaires were distributed and 108 questionnaires were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 96.4%. In 108 puerperas, 33 puerperas met the criteria of delivery psychological trauma positive symptoms, with the positive rate of 30.6%. The overall score of delivery related symptoms of the puerperas was 49.0±4.6 (43-55) points. The scores of the fear of uncertain events, the delivery traumatic history, whether the gender of the child consistented with the expectation, the inappropriate nursing by medical staff, the unfamiliar delivery environment, the lack of postpartum mother-infant relationship and the social support (32.6±4.2 points), the pain score after cesarean section (6.1±1.5 points) and the resilience score (54.0±5.3 points) of the puerperas with delivery psychological trauma positive symptoms were significantly higher than those (37.4±4.2 points, 4.7±1 points and 59.8±4.7 points) of the puerperas with delivery psychological trauma negative symptoms (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the fear of uncertain events, the history of traumatic delivery, the gender of the child without meeting the expectations, the inappropriate nursing by medical staff, the unfamiliar delivery environment, the lack of postpartum mother-infant relationship, the low social support score, the high postoperative pain score after cesarean section and the low psychological resilience score of the puerperas were the influencing factors of their delivery psychological trauma after cesarean section (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The delivery psychological trauma of the puerperas after cesarean section is quite common, and which is influenced by various factors, therefore, preventive and control interventions should be strengthened for these puerperas to reduce the occurrence of their delivery psychological trauma.