To observe the therapeutic effect of Ziyinbushen prescription for treating the patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia caused by kidney yin deficiency. Methods: 233 patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia from 2018 to 2021 were selected in this study. These patients had been treated by Ziyinbushen prescription for three months. Self-controlled trial was conducted on the analysis of the semen quality and the common symptoms of renal yin deficiency of these patients before, during, and after treatment. Results: The total sperm motility (PR+NP), the percentage of PR, sperm concentration, and total sperm output of the patients after treatment for three months had increased significantly (P<0.05). The significant efficiency rate, the effective rate, the inefficiency rate, and the total clinical cure rate of the treatment of the patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia were 17.6%, 6.0%, 4.7%, and 71.6%, respectively. The clinical control rate and the total effective rate of the changes of single symptom in traditional Chinese medicine of the spermatorrhea of the patients were 66.5% and 90.4%, which of the premature ejaculation of the patients were 40.2% and 79.3%, which of the five upset fever of the patients were 61.6% and 90.8%, which of the night sweat of the patients were 60.1% and 96.2%, which of the lumbar and knee acidness of the patients were 54.9% and 96.0%, which of the dizziness of the patients were 59.4%and 91.4%, and which of the tinnitus of the patients were 60.7% and 95.5%. And the spermatorrhea, the premature ejaculation the five upset fever, the night sweat, the lumbar and knee acidness, the dizziness, and the tinnitus of the patients after treatment had improved significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: The Ziyinbushen prescription by self designed for treating patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia have the confirmative function of promoting the sperm motility, sperm count, and semen volume of the patients, and which can improve the spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, five frustrating heat, night sweats, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, and other symptoms by kidney yin deficiency of the patients, and which still have subsequent effects after stop treatment.