To investigate the efficacy of Guishen pill plus or minus for treating infertility women with decreasing ovarian reserve(DOR) because of kidney deficiency type, and to study its influence on the serum levels of growth differentiation factor-9(GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-10(BMP-10) of the women. Methods: 140 infertility women with DOR because of kidney deficiency type were randomly divided into observation group and control group(70 cases in each group). The women in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine, and the women in the observation group were treated with Guishen pill plus or minus except to the western medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptom scores of the women in the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment, the levels of serum hormone and cytokine of the women in the two groups were determined, the antral follicle number(AFC), maximum follicular diameter, and ovarian blood flow parameters were measured by ultrasound. The pregnancy status of the women in the two groups was analyzed after 12 months of followed up. Results: After treatment, the total clinical effective rate(94.3%) and pregnancy rate(41.4%) of the women in the observation group were significant higher than those(77.1% and 15.7%) of the women in the control group, the TCM symptom scores symptom scores of the women in the observation group were significant lower than those of the women in the control group, and the levels of estradiol(E2), luteinizing hormone(LH), and follicle estrogen(FSH) of the women in the observation group were significant lower than those of the women in the control group. The levels of anti-Mullerin hormone(AMH), transforming growth factor -β1(TGF-β1), GDF-9, and BMP-10 of the women in the observation group were significant higher than those of the women in the control group. The values of AFC, follicular diameter, PSV and EDV of the women in the observation group were significant higher than those of the women in the control group, but the values of RI and PI of the women in the observation group were significant lower(all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Guishen pill plus or minus for treating infertility women with decreasing ovarian reserve because of kidney deficiency type has good effect, which can improve the clinical symptoms and ovarian function, improve the pregnancy rate, and increase the expression levels of TGF-β1, GDF-9, and BMP-10 of the women.