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Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of weight gain of non-obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal blood glucose control during the second and the third trimester of pregnancy on their serum leptin and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: The non-obese women with GDM and normal blood glucose control during pregnancy were selected and divided in group A1 (women with excessive weight growth) and group B1 (women with normal weight growth) from October 2018 to April 2019. And another women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were selected and divided in group A2 (women with excessive weight growth) and group B2 (women with normal weight growth) during the same period. The serum leptin level and pregnancy outcomes of women were compared among the four groups. Results: The serum leptin level of women during 24-28 gestational weeks in group A1 and B1 were significant higher than that of women in group A2 and B2 (P<0.05). The serum leptin level of women during 28-32 gestational weeks in group A1 were significant higher than that of women in other three groups (P<0.05). Before delivery, the serum leptin level of women in group A1 and A2 were significant higher than that of women in group B1 and B2, and that of women in group A1 was significant higher than that of women in group B1 (P<0.05), but there was no significant different in the serum leptin level of women between group A2 and B2 (P>0.05). The rates of premature rupture of membrane and macrosomia of women in group A1 were significant higher than those of women in other three groups (P<0.05). The rate of macrosomia of women in group A1 was significant higher than that of women group A2 and B2 (P>0.05), but there was no significant different in the rate of macrosomia of women between group A1 and B1 or between group A2 and B2 (P>0.05). There was no significant different in the rate of premature rupture of membrane of women among group A2, B1 and B2 (P>0.05). There were no significant different in the rates of premature delivery and fetal distress, and neonatal Apgar score among the four groups (P>0.05).The weight gain of women in group A1 and A2 during the second and third trimester of pregnancy was correlated with the macrosomia rate, or serum leptin level during 28-32 gestational weeks and before dilevery (P<0.05), but was no correlated with the rate of premature rupture of membranes (P>0.05). Conclusion: The excessive weight gain of normal pre-pregnancy BMI women with GDM and good blood glucose control during the second and third trimester of pregnancy can increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes and macrosomia.
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