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Abstract Objective: To analyze the changes and significance of immunoregulatory cell Th17/Treg and immunoprotein apoptotic ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein of women with adenomyosis. Method: 98 women with uterine adenomyosis, 81 women with uterine fibroids, and 67 women experinced healthy physical examination were included in this study. The levels of Th17/Treg cells and PD-L1 protein of all women were detected, and the pathological classification was conducted according to the degree of endometrial invasion of myometrium. The levels of Th17/Treg cells and PD-L1 protein of women were compared among women with different pathological grades, and also compared between before and after treatment. Results: The levels of Th17 cells, interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, and immunohistochemical score of PD-L1 protein of women with adenomyosis were significant higher than those of women with hysteromyoma or normal women, while the levels of Treg cells, IL-10 and transformed growth factor-β(TGF-β) were significant lower (P<0.05). The levels of Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-23, and immunohistochemical score of PD-L1 of women with Ⅲ pathological grade were significant higher than those of women withⅡorⅠpathological grade, but the levels of Treg cells, IL-10, TGF-βwere significant lower (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-23, and immunohistochemical score of PD-L1 protein of women with adenomyosis had significantly decreased, but the levels of Treg cells, levels of IL-10 and TGF-β had significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Immunoregulatory cells Th17/Treg and immune protein pd-l1 play important roles in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, so monitoring the expression of immunoregulatory cells Th17/Treg and immune protein pd-l1 may be indicators for diagnosing adenomyosis.
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