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Abstract Objective: To explore the effect of levels of serum soluble endothelial factor (sEng) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on the development of placental blood vessels of women with preeclampsia during the first or the second pregnant trimester. Methods: The serum sample of pregnant women at 10-13 gestational weeks and 20-24 gestational weeks were collected, which included 36 women with preeclampsia and 50 normal pregnant women. The levels of serum sEng, ADMA, and Nitric Oxide (NO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All the pregnant women underwent uterine artery Doppler examination to measure the PI. Placentas of the pregnant women who delivered were given CT scan after placental veins and arterial perfusion. Then the AW4.6 image post-processing workstation was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional image of placental blood vessels. The levels of sEng and ADMA, and PI were compared between the two groups, and the placental weight, vascular perfusion, vascular branch and neonatal birth weight were also compared. The correlation between levels of serum sEng, ADMA, NO and the placental blood vessels were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation. Results: The median concentration of sEng of women with preeclampsia during 10-13weeks and 20-24weeks were 13.895ng/ml and 6.596ng/ml, and those of ADMA were 2.189μmol/L and 1.954μmol/L, which were all significant higher than those of women in the control group (P<0.001), while the levels of NO were 80.629μmol/L and 106.024μmol/L, which were significant lower than those of women in the control group (P<0.000). The placental weight, placental vein vascular perfusion, placental arterial vascular perfusion, placental vascular branch, and neonatal birth weight of women with preeclampsia were (467.15±46.99)g, (24.46±4.51)ml, (19.63±3.45)ml, (5.77±0.76), and (2857.69±396.90)g, respectively, which all were significant lower than those of women in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of sEng and ADMA of women during the first or the second pregnant trimester were negatively correlation to the placental weight, the indexes of the placental vessels, and the neonatal birth weight, while NO level was positively correlation to the placental weight, the indexes of the placental vessels, and the neonatal birth weight. Conclusion: The levels of serum sEng and ADMA of women with preeclampsia during the first or the second pregnant trimester increase, which lead to the level of NO decreases and may lead to the placenta vascular morphologic changes, then cause the occurrence of preeclampsia.
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