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Gong Shuangyan,Wang Hui,Liu Hongyan
To investigate the status of informed choice for current contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in ethnic minority areas and its influencing factors. Methods: Using cross-sectional epidemiological study design with stratified three-stage PPS random sampling, a total of 1375 women of reproductive age who were caregivers for children under 3 years old and 135 medical staffs from the survey county-and town-level family planning service stations within 5 counties in the 3 provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai were investigated with a structural questionnaire in July 2011. The status of informed choice for current contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age and the status of service provision was analyzed using CMH chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression. Results: Among all the women investigated, 17.04% knew the characteristics and side-effects of the contraceptives they were using; 47.24% had the right to choose other contraceptive methods; 25.69% of the contraceptive choices were made together by the married couple. About 34.33% of the medical staffs from family planning station often made contraceptive choice for their clients. Women of Dai ethnicity knew less than Han women (OR=0.675, 95%CI: 0.453-1.006). The probability of knowing the characteristics and side-effects of contraceptives for women with high school education was 4.1 times the probability for women with no schooling (OR=4.116, 95%CI: 2.254-7.515). Conclusion: More attention should be paid to strengthen information, education and communication (IEC) strategy for informed choice of contraceptives in ethnic minority areas. More training should be provided to medical基金项目:联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金(CHN7R22A);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI40B01)收稿日期:2013-07-24 修回日期:2013-09-30staffs in family planning stations. Minority women who are taking care of children at home and less educated should be given more attention to improve their capability to make informed choice for contraception.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 724-728 [Abstract]（
117
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Wang Lizhi,Che Yan,Zhang Yuzhi,Tang Wenjuan,Ding Xiaoyan,Cui Yuanqi,Jiang Wei
To explore the prevalence of oral contraceptive (OC) use overall in Shanghai and among districts within the municipality, and to explore district-level social-environmental determinants of OC use among married women of childbearing age in Shanghai. Methods: Data for this study were from annual family planning surveys among married women of childbearing age in Shanghai between 2009 and 2011 and the annual report of population and family planning published by Shanghai Population and Family Planning Committee in respective year. Prevalence and district-level determinants of OC use were analyzed and reported in this study. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and multi-level logistic regression were used for dada analyses. Results: The prevalence of OC among married women of childbearing age in Shanghai slightly declined from 3.35% in 2009 to 3.26% in 2010 and further to 2.85% in 2011. Districts/countries where fertility was low had significantly higher prevalence of OC use (3.93%-4.54%) than their counterparts (around 3%). The prevalence of OC use at districts/counties where educational or economic status was at middle or above level followed a decline trend between 2009 and 2011. After controlling for potential confounding by using multilevel logistic regression, the probability of OC use was significantly lower at districts/counties where educational level was classified as middle (odd ratio: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.25-0.76) or high (odd ratio: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.39-0.50) than those where the level was low. At districts/countries where the average population size that one family planning station served was over 10 thousand, the likelihood of OC use was 1.4-1.6 times higher than their counterparts. District-level economic development indicator was no longer associated with the likelihood of OC use in multilevel analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of OC use among married women of childbearing age in Shanghai is low and declined between 2009 and 2011. OC use is less common at backward districts/countries in education than their counterparts.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 729-734 [Abstract]（
85
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Wang Xueli,Zhang Yuxia,Hui Ailing,Tang Lijun,Chen Jie,Yuan Aimei
To explore the status of the premarital sex behavior among non-medical college students to provide a scientific basis for contraceptive services and reproductive health education for the college. Methods: A questionnaire survey on basic characteristics, sexual behaviors, awareness of contraceptives and the attitude to reproductive health was conducted in non-medical college students of three universities in Henan by multistage stratified random sampling. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results: The incidence of sexual behaviors was 30.26%, which was higher in male respondents (32.80%) than in female ones (25.45%) and diploma students (39.19%) than undergraduates (23.22%) , showing significant differences (P all <0.05). About 16.65% of the respondents expressed support for premarital sexual behavior, higher than those with contradictory ones (32.57%, P<0.05) and more male students (21.12%) than female ones (8.18%) were found. The awareness rate of contraceptives from high to low by turns was condom (97.24%), short-acting oral contraceptives (81.28%), contraceptive suppository (11.64%). The rate of using condom correctly in male students (68.41%)was higher than that in female ones (38.37%, P<0.05). Condom(54.42%) was the most common used contraceptive in the first unprotected sexual behavior, the coitus interruptus was the second one (28.75%), and the rhythm method was the least used (6.30%). More unwanted pregnancies were found in diploma students when compared with undergraduates (35.23% vs. 31.25%, P<0.05). Conclusion:The lower awareness rate of contraception and more sexual behaviors are found in non-medical college students. And diploma students have more unsafe sexual behaviors. It is advised that the administrator of colleges should organize the special force for reproductive health education and services.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 735-738 [Abstract]（
98
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Song Xiaoqin,Ma Yimin,Zuo Liandong,Xu Yong,Ling Li
To explore the status and influence factors of induced abortion among childbearing women with different household registration in Guangzhou. Methods: An anonymously questionnaire survey was conducted among a randomized cluster sampling of 1003 floating women and 365 registered ones. Results: The rates of abortion and recurrent abortion in floating women were 41.58% and 36.45%, higher than those of registered women (28.77% and 21.80%). And the average age of first abortion in migrants was younger than that of natives. About 36.69% and 6.47% of migrants experienced abortions in provincial hospitals and private clinics, while 56.19% and 0.95% of natives chose provincial hospitals and private clinics, respectively. The results of logistic regression model showed that risk factors of abortion were the age between 21 to 40, married and migrant, while protect factors were higher educational level and one physical examination per year. Conclusion: The rate of induced abortion of childbearing women is high, and it is essential to strengthen the education of contraceptive knowledge to reduce the rate of abortion in targeted high-risk groups.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 739-742 [Abstract]（
72
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Su Aifang,Bo Xiao
To evaluate the feasibility, safety and prognosis of sequential application of estrogen and progesterone in therapy of missed abortion after dilation and curettage. Methods: Thirty hundred women with missed abortion who had performed dilation and curettage in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jinhua between January 2010 and June 2011 were divided into two groups. Women in the study group received oral intake of 1mg of estradiol valerate per day for 21 days on the fifth day after dilation and curettage, and 100mg of progesterone capsules two times per day in last 10 days of estrogen intake. And the next two treatment cycles were both started from the fifth day after blood withdrawal. There was no hormone therapy after dilation and curettage in the control group. Results: Women in the study group had shorter menstruation recover period and better endometrial repair(P＜0.01). And the incidence of reduced menstrual flow and intrauterine adhesion of the study group were both significantly lower than those of the control(P＜0.01). Conclusion: The sequential therapy of estrogen and progesterone after curettage was benefit for women experiencing missed abortion in endometrial repair, recover of menstruation cycle, prevention of instrauterine adhesion and amenorrhea, and the method is worthy of clinical application.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 744-745 [Abstract]（
78
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Zhang Weiwei,Zhuo Shengnan,Luo Haining,Zhang Yunshan
To explore the microdeletion types of cleavage-stage embryos using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in infertile men. Methods: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-treated patients were screened for Yq deletion and the discarded dual pronuclear (2pn) and single pronucleus (1pn) derivate embryos of day 3 were collected after embryo transfer and cryopreservation from these patients. One blastomere were biopsied by micromanipulation and whole genome of the blastomere was amplified by MDA, then PCR was used to determine the sex of a single cell, and multiple PCR to detect the type of Y-microdeletion of the male embryos. Results: The total prevalence of microdeletion was 2/19. The success rate of MDA amplification was 93.2% (41/44), 23 embryos were males and 18 were females. The success rate of sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) amplification was 87.0%(20/23), and three embryos were vertical transmitted, one had a larger deletion than his father, five were de novo deletions and the left had no deletions. Conclusion: ICSI treatment might lead to vertical transmission, expansion, and de novo occurrence of Yq microdeletion in male embryos.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 746-750 [Abstract]（
72
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Chen Fadi
To explore the clinical effect of mifepristone combined with misoprostol on missed abortion. Methods: A total of 230 women with 10-16 weeks of gestation ages were recruited, including 150 women with missed abortion (study group) and 80 women experiencing normal pregnancy (control group). Mifepristone and misoprostol were used for medical abortion. The curative effect, vacuum aspiration rate, the amount of bleeding and the incidence of side effects were evaluated. Results: A total of 121 (80.7%) complete abortion, 23 (15.3%) incomplete abortion and 6 (4.0%) invalid were found in the study group and 70 (87.5%) complete abortion, 9 (11.3%) incomplete abortion and 1 (1.3%) invalid were found in the control group. There was no significant difference in the curative effect between the two groups (Z=-1.359, P>0.05). The vacuum aspiration rate were 19.33% and 12.50% in the study group and the control group, respectively, showing no significant difference (χ2=1.730, P>0.05). The amount of vaginal bleeding in the study group was 68.24±27.62 ml, more than that of the control group (46.81±23.37ml, t=9.147, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the two groups. Conclusion: Mifepristone combined with misoprostol could be used for the treatment of missed abortion.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 751-753 [Abstract]（
57
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Fang Lijuan
To compare the effectiveness and safety of mifepristone followed by oral and intravaginal misoprostol for the termination of 16 to 24 weeks of gestation. Methods: Eighty-five women with 16 to 24 weeks of gestation were recruited in this study, and were randomly divided into the oral group (n=42) and the vaginal group (n=43) . All 85 women were received 100 mg of mifepristone for 2 days. In the oral group, 400μg misoprostol were given orally on the 3rd day, and repeated in 3 hours for no more than 4 times. In the vaginal group, 600μg of misoprostol were given intravaginally on the 3rd day, repeated in 12 hours for no more than 4 times. The complete abortion rate, the duration of labor induction, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and the dosage of misoprostol were compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty-four complete abortion, 16 incomplete abortion and 2 invalidation were found in the oral group, and 33 complete abortion, 10 incomplete abortion and no invalidation were found in the vaginal group. The vacuum aspiration rate in two groups were 42.9% and 23.3% respectively, showing statistic significant difference (P<0.05). The duration of labor induction and vaginal bleeding, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage 24 hours after delivery, and the dosage of misoprostol in the oral group were 11.9±4.7 hours, 21.8±15.8 days, 91.3±32.6 ml, and 1093.6±381.4 μg, and 8.6±3.8 hours, 20.6±13.4 days, 62.4±26.5 ml, and 751.2±213.7 μg in the vaginal group. There were statistic significant differences in the duration of labor induction , the amount of postpartum hemorrhage 24 hours after delivery and the dosage of misoprostol (P all <0.05). Conclusion: Both oral and vaginal misoprostol combined with mifepristone could be effective in the termination of 16 to 24 weeks of gestation, and vaginal treatment could shorten the duration of labor induction, reduce the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and lessen the dosage of misoprostol.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 754-756 [Abstract]（
87
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Zhong Yuanyi,Tao xinyan,Fu Xingxing
To explore the most appropriate method of applying estrogen and progestational hormone to prevent intrauterine adhesion after high-risk induced abortion. Methods: Six hundred women after high-risk induced abortion were randomly divided into 4 groups (150 cases each). Women in group A received 1mg of estradiol valerate per day for 21 days after induced abortion, and 10mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day in last 10 days of estrogen intake. Women in group B were given one tablet of marvelon per day for 21 days after induced abortion. Women in group C received 1mg of estradiol valerate per day from the fourteenth to twenty-fifth day after induced abortion, and 10mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day in last 5 days of estrogen intake. Women in group D were given one tablet of marvelon per day for 11 days from the fourteenth day after induced abortion. The duration of vaginal bleeding and the incidence of the intrauterine adhesion were compared. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence of the intrauterine adhesion between group A (0.67%) and group C (10.00%) as well as group B(0.67%) and group D (8.67%, P all <0.05). And there were significant differences in the duration of vaginal bleeding after induced abortion between group A (4.53±1.26 days) and group C (7.12±0.85 days) as well as group B (4.23±0.96 days) and group D (8.03±1.12 days, P all <0.05). Conclusion: Immediate intake of estrogen and progestational hormone after high-risk induced abortion can significantly reduce the duration of vaginal bleeding and has significant effect of preventing intrauterine adhesion.
2013 Vol. 21 (11): 757-759 [Abstract]（
70
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