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Zhang Shuangshuang,Li Ying,Wu Mingjun,Yan Min,Jia Junting,Chen Tong,Liu Jianping
To investigate the release behavior of cupric ion of ten copper-bearing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) immersed in simulated uterine fluid and its influencing factors. Methods: The concentration of cupric ion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Results: The release behavior of cupric ion of ten Cu-IUDs was varied during the first 60 days after insertion, including burst release pattern such as TCu380A with a fluctuation range from 28μg/d to 4 μg/d and stable release pattern like Yuangong II-300 with a steady release rate at 1-2μg/d. After 60 days, all the IUDs had a stable release rate at 1-2μg/d. IUDs with the same shape had similar releasing curves of cupric ion and the larger the IUDs were, the faster they released. For different shaped IUDs, their release behaviors were different. For example, HCu280 was smaller than Yuangong II-300, but its release rate of cupric ion was much higher than that of the latter. Besides, Yuangong I-220 (with 10g indomethacin) released cupric ion faster than Yuangong II-300 (without indomethacin), and there was a significant difference between them. Conclusion: The cupric ion release curves are varied mainly during the first 60 days, later, they show no significant difference. IUDs with open shape could release cupric ion easier than those with closed shape. For the same shape, both the increment in area surface of copper and the addition of indomethacin would promote the release of cupric ion.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 652-657 [Abstract]（
62
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Zhou Hongfeng,Lu Zuxun,Deng Jian,Liu Junan,Duan Jianhua,Shi Shuhua
To explore the utilization of reproductive health family service and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: The cluster sampling and questionnaire survey method were used to investigate 1247 residents aged 18-50 in April 2010. Results: Most respondents were 20-44 (82.7%) years old and female (74.3%). Respondents with lower educational level accounted for 53.5%. About 82.8% were married. And 794 (63.7%) of the respondents were local residents of Guangzhou. Only 36.1% of the respondents took advantage of reproductive health family service which included prevention and treatment of gynecological diseases at home, establishment of family health records and follow-up after family planning surgery. By constructing a logistic model, it was found that the utilization was better by families with female, married people, children under the age of five and nonnative residents. Conclusion: To develop reproductive health family service, the utilization should be improved and more attention to the services for young unmarried population should be paid.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 658-661 [Abstract]（
59
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Duan Qingmei,Jiang Feng,Xie Dan,Ma Rong,Li Qian
To provide some evidence of the status of the minority undergraduate student's sexual and reproductive health education by finding the difference in the sexual attitude, knowledge, behavior between Han and minority ethnic undergraduate students. Methods: On Sep. 20, 2012, 868 students from various specialties and grades in Minzu University of China were enrolled and fulfilled the self-edited questionnaire which included characteristic of demography, sexual knowledge, attitude and behavior in the investigation by group sample drawing. Results: There were significants difference in the sexual attitude among students with different nationalities, grades, genders, religious beliefs, specialties and areas coming from. The statistic difference also existed in the sexual and reproductive knowledge between Han and minority ethnic students. For the sexual behavior of minority ethnic students, there were statistic differences in the racial nationality, grade, gender, and specialty except the religious belief and the area coming from. Conclusion: There are significant differences in sexual attitude, knowledge and behavior among the students from different areas and different specialties. The minority ethnic student′s sexual attitude, knowledge and behavior are correlated positively. The sexual reproductive knowledge of minority ethnic students is needed to promote and popularize urgently.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 662-665 [Abstract]（
50
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Qi Qiwei,Huang Xiaoxia,Xue Songbao,Yu Jianzheng,Li Jingyi
To explore psychological and behavioral factors of unintended pregnancy in order to take active measures to reduce the incidence of unexpected pregnancy among unmarried women. Methods: A questionnaire survey on psychological and behavioral factors and knowledge of contraception was conducted among unmarried women who underwent abortion, induction of labor and delivery for unintended pregnancy. The database was set up with EpiData, and chi-square test and general linear model were conducted with Statistical Analysis System. Results: A total of 1112 unmarried women were investigated. As for the reason of unintended pregnancy, there were sexual temptation (34.35%), social-culture openness (69.06%), lack of knowledge of contraception (71.67%), no use of contraceptives (48.29%) and no use of emergency contraception for thinking no possibility of pregnancy (73.29%). There were no differences in views on premarital sex behavior among different age groups of (P>0.05). The younger of the age was, the higher proportion of contraception used, showing significant differences among different age groups (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the first notice of pregnancy as well as the harmful degree of induced abortion between women who underwent abortion and induction of labor and those who underwent delivery (P<0.01). There were significant differences among groups with different educational levels (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis of general linear model (GLM) results showed that influencing factors of the number of pregnancy were the current residence (village, town or city), the view of chastity idea and lack of the knowledge of emergency contraception. Conclusion: Unmarried women lack of reproductive health and contraceptive knowledge and forced sex is common in Qingdao. The education of sexual morality, reproductive health, knowledge of contraceptive should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy in unmarried women.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 667-670 [Abstract]（
65
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Cao Xinyu,Yang Yan,Xu Xiaofen,Xu Lingdi
To study the effect of psychological intervention and its different patterns on pain and anxiety associated with amniocentesis. Methods: A total of 413 pregnant women with 16.5 to 22.6 weeks of gestation age were randomly divided into two groups: counseling group (group A, n=205) and group of counseling and light pressure effleurage during the amniocentesis (group B, n=208). Both groups were given psychological counseling before amniocentesis, and group B was given additional light pressure effleurage during the amniocentesis. Both groups were measured for the degree of perceived pain before and after counseling using visual analogue scale/score (VAS). The actual pain in the amniocentesis would be measured after amniocentesis. The anxiety was evaluated at the same time when pains were scored. Results: Both groups had no significant difference on the degree of perceived pain before and after psychological counseling (P＞0.05), but the degree of actual pains measured after amniocentesis were less obviously (P＜0.05) and group B was even less painful than group A (P＜0.05). The anxiety of both groups were less after psychological counseling (P＜0.05). But the anxiety degree in group A had no significant difference before and after amniocentesis (P＞0.05) while the group B had a very significant difference (P＜0.01), and the group B had even less anxiety compared with group A after amniocentesis (P＜0.01). Conclusion: Psychological counseling can not reduce the pain perceived before amniocentesis, but the actual pain during the amniocentesis was less than the image. The light pressure effleurage can reduce the pain during the amniocentesis. Psychological counseling can reduce the anxious emotion before amniocentesis, and the light pressure effleurage during the amniocentesis can go a step
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 671-674 [Abstract]（
54
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Xu Feng
To explore the effects of misoprostol, compound mifepristone and misoprostol combined with compound mifepristone on cervical preparation in postmenopausal women seeking for removal of intrauterine device (IUD). Methods: A total of 126 healthy postmenopausal women were randomly divided into group A (misoprostol group), group B (compound mifepristone group) and group C (misoprostol combined with compound mifepristone group). Two hours before the operation 0.4 mg misoprostol was inserted in vaginal vault in group A. Group B was given 60 mg of compound mifepristone for two days before the operation. Group C was treated with misoprostol combined with compound mifepristone. The degree of cervical softening and pain during the operation as well as the successful rate of removal of IUD were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in basic characteristics among three groups. Compared with group A and group B, highest degree of cervical softening in group C was found (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the degree of cervical softening between group A and group B (P>0.05). The operative time of the three groups were (5.23 ± 1.27) min, (2.64 ± 0.93) min, (2.13 ± 0.76) min, respectively, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.01). The degree of pain from the least to the worst were, in order, group C, group B and group A (P<0.01). The successful rate of removal of IUD in group B and group C were all 100%, higher than that of group A (P<0.05). Conclusion: Misoprostol combined with compound mifepristone could be better in cervical preparation for the removal of IUD when compared with the two drugs used alone.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 675-677 [Abstract]（
62
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Zou Lin,Li Hongbo,Peng Cailing,Wei Bing,Ma Tianzhong
To explore the application of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium in therapy of pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and abnormally elevated D-Dimer Plus (D-D). Methods: A total of 206 RSA women diagnosed and treated in Center for Reproductive Medicine in the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical from January 2010 to February 2013 were recruited. Women were checked D-D abnormally elevated. According to their wishes to agree or not with low-molecular-weight heparin treatment, women were divided into three groups named group A, B and C. Eighty-one women in group A disagreeing with heparin sodium treatment were as the control, who accepted purely traditional tocolysis treatment after pregnancy. A total of 125 women agreeing with heparin sodium treatment were divided into two groups named group B with 71 women and C with 54. Women in group B received low-molecular-weight heparin sodium before subsequent pregnancy and received purely traditional tocolysis treatment in addition to heparin after pregnancy. Women in group C received urgently heparin sodium treatment and traditional tocolysis treatment after subsequent pregnancy. The success rate of pregnancy, the duration between pregnancy and recurrence of natural abortion and adverse drug reactions of three groups were compared. Results: The subsequent success rates of pregnancy in group B and C were both higher than that in group A and the differences were statistically significant (P all <0.01). The duration between pregnancy and recurrence of natural abortion in group B and C were both longer than that in group A and the differences were statistically significant (P all <0.01). And the duration in group B was longer than that in group C (P<0.05). Only 2 women (1.6%) using low-molecular-weight heparin sodium got a bruise in the injection site. Conclusion: Small doses of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium could be more effective and safe drugs in therapy of pregnant women with RSA and abnormally elevated D-D. Therapy with small doses of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium combined traditional tocolysis is better than the latter alone.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 678-680 [Abstract]（
58
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Zhao Zhongwei,Bai Xiaohong,Lv Rui,Lv Yonghuan,Song Xueru,Zhao Xiaohui
To analyze influential factors on embryo implantation of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: From January 2007 to August 2012, women receiving conventional in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of infertility in the Center of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, whose embryo implantation rate was 0 ( n=385 ) or 100% ( n=112 ) when D3 transferred, were recruited. Amultivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between embryo implantation and age, reasons of infertility, the way of in vitro fertilization, the number of oocytes, normal fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, the dose of exogenous gonadotropin used, the duration of exogenous gonadotropin used, endometrial thickness on the day of hCG injection, the number of blastomere for embryo transfer and the fragmentation level. Results: Variables in the equation of logistic regression were age (OR= 0.912) and the number of blastomere for embryo transfer (OR=2.033). In the range of 23.54 to 36.16 years old, the probability of embryo implantation decreased 8% when the age increased by 1 year. In the range of the number of blastomere for embryo transfer (6.75 to 8.71), the probability of embryo transfer implantation increased by 103.3% when the number of blastomere for embryo transfer increased by 1. Conclusion: Age and the number of blastomere for embryo transfer are the key factors on embryo implantation of IVF-ET.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 681-683 [Abstract]（
67
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Chang Liyuan,Song Xueru,Gou Mingyue,Wang Yan,Li Zhengxiang,Yu Yonghao
To explore the propofol in follicular fluid on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in oocyte retrieval under compound intravenous anesthesia. Methods: A total of 111 women seeking for the transvaginal oocyte retrieval in Department of Assisted Reproduction, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from March to December 2011 were divided into two groups. Women in group A (n=81) underwent a slow intravenous infusion of 0.05 mg of fentanyl and 2 mg/kg of propofol, then intravenous maintenance with 8-12 mg/(kg·h) of propofol. And women in group B (n=30) were intravenously injected with 50mg of pethidine. Follicular fluid and venous blood were taken at the end of the transvaginal oocyte retrieval.And the concentration of propofol in follicular fluid and venous plasma were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The relationships of concentrations of propofol in follicular fluid and venous plasma and the duration of anesthesia were observed. And the oocyte retrieval rate, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, available embryo rate, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, live birth rate and birth defect rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The concentration of propofol in follicular fluid had a positive correlation with the duration of anesthesia (r=0.981,P＜0.05), which were 6-35 (19.04±9.87) min. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the oocyte retrieval rate, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, available embryo rate, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, live birth rate and birth defect rate (P all ＞0.05). Conclusion: The concentration of propofol in follicular fluid has a positive correlation with the duration of anesthesia. The concentration of propofol in follicular fluid has no effect on the outcome of pregnancy of IVF-ET when it is in the range of 0.002～0.460 (0.125±0.062) ug/ml. It is recommended that the duration of anesthesia should be shorten and the total dose of propofol should be controlled in oocyte retrieval under the intravenous anesthesia.
2013 Vol. 21 (10): 685-688 [Abstract]（
52
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