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Liang Ying,Ru Xiaomei,Song Bing,He Yang,Han Shuzhen
The health care system in Japan, in a broad sense, consists of the three pillars of preventive care, medical care and nursing care. The vulnerable people such as children, the disabled and the elderly are supported by the governmental social welfare policies. Therefore, a comprehensive prevention and health care network with a full coverage in Japan has been established. With the increasing proportion of medical expenses in national revenue and continuously intensified ageing in Japan, preventive health care has been playing an increasingly important role. The health care system has shifted its focus from treatment only to preventive health care including disease prevention and health promotion. What's more, attention has been paid to strengthen the integration of preventive health care, medical care and welfare at community level. This paper analyzed the structure and charateristics of the preventive health care system in Japan, and sums up its experiences to be used as references for China to improve its awareness of preventive health care, accelerate the transformation of population and family planning system, and eventually build a comprehensive family-based preventive health care system.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 155-160 [Abstract]（
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Li Yunfeng,Wang Juhui,Wang Shufang,Xu Bingyuan,Liu Jianbing,Zhang Shucheng,Xu Xiangbo,He Bin,Wang Jiedong
To investigate whether progesterone withdrawal activate NF-κB signaling in the uterus of mouse menstruation model. Methods: The menstruation model was established by administration of mifepristone (RU486) after the induced decidualization of hormones-primed ovariectomized mice. The activation of NF-κB was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Meanwhile, western blot were performed to determine the levels of the NF- kB inducing kinase (NIK), IkB kinase β (IKK-β) and inhibitor of kB-α (IκB-α) that are all intermediates in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Results: Immunohistochemically, NF-κB p65 was distinctly translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the uterine stromal and glandular epithelial cells of the mouse model after RU486 administration, whereas less p50 did so after administration of RU486. With western blotting, we observed that RU486 induced a remarkable increase in the expression of nuclear p65 and a gradual increase in p50, both of which peaked at 12 h of RU486 administration, which showed that NF-κB translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. NIK, IKK-β and IκB-α differently expressed at all the checked time-points after RU486 treatment. Conclusion: These results suggested that activation of NF-κB may be related to the function of two kinases (NIK and IKK-β) after RU486 administration in mouse menstruation-like model.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 161-165 [Abstract]（
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Liu Jing,Yang Yan,Yu Ling,Wu Ximei,Xu Guanzhao,Li Xinying,Song Yan,Xu Yumei,Tao Guozhen,Sun Lin,Gao Aiping,Zhang Yan,Wang Luyi
To observe the effect of quinacrine chitosan gel (QCG) on the blockage of rat uterine cavity and the resultant pathological changes. Methods: QCG at concentration of 35% was injected into rat uterine cavity, with phenolatabrine paste (PAP) as control. The uterine horns were collected 4 and 6 weeks later to observe the anatomical and pathological changes. Results: The rat uterine cavity was filled with vacuolated stromal cells and fibroblasts 4 weeks after an injection of QCG, and completely jammed with granulation tissue 6 weeks after the injection, which was similar to effect of PAP. No inflammatory reaction was found in the uterine cavity or the adjacent tissues. Conclusion: QCG had an obvious effect of uterine cavity blockage without any inflammatory reaction, and may be as a novel non-surgical contraceptive method for the women of reproductive age.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 166-169 [Abstract]（
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Zuo Xiayun,Lian Qiguo,Tu Xiaowen,Cheng Yan,Cheng Jing,Bai Tieling,Wang Jintao,Shen Huiyi,Lou Chaohua
To investigate the current status of adolescent-parent communication on sex-related topics in China and its influencing factors, and to provide basic information on how to involve parents well in adolescent sexual and reproductive health education. Methods: A total of 5,709 adolescents of different characteristics from both urban and rural areas in six provinces were investigated anonymously with the method of computer assisted self-interview (CASI). Questions about the status of adolescent-parent communication on sex-related issues and its main obstacles were asked and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results: About half of the male and female adolescents had communicated sex-related topics with their fathers, while about half of the male adolescents and three fourths of female adolescents had communicated with their mothers. Their communication was mainly on the appropriate behaviors, friendship or romantic relationship of the adolescents and the knowledge of physical development. Adolescents were reluctant to communicate with parents mainly because of embarrassment, and a considerable proportion of them reported that their parents took a perfunctory or evasive way or were incapable of answering their questions. We found the gender of adolescents and parents, the parents' education, the family structure and family relationship influencing this kind of communication. Conclusion: The adolescent-parent communication on sex-related issues is still limited in China, and the parents' inability and conservative attitude compromises the communication. So it is necessary to strengthen the education for the parents.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 170-173 [Abstract]（
47
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Ma Ruilan,Feng Yujuan,Du Weiyun,Liu Jiawei,Jiang Demin,Ma Qing,Li Zhilan
To investigation the current status of the standard folic acid supplement in the women of reproductive age in Gansu Province and its influencing factors, in order to improve women's compliance with the regular supplement. Methods: The pregnant women, county/township family planning service staff, technical staff and medical staff concerned in Dunhuang city, Weiyuan county, Yongjing county, Jingchuan county and Hui County were recruited and interviewed. Data were collected by group interview and analyzed. Results: The acknowledge of folic acid supplement in these interviewees was limited. The rate of consistent use of folic acid supplement 3 months before and after pregnancy in the pregnant women was rather low. Many factors from both pregnant women themselves and their family members affected the regular use of folic acid supplement. Conclusion: We should continue to strengthen the education of perinatal care, strengthen the training of technical staff, and duly review the distribution, management and instruction of proper use of folic acid.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 174-176 [Abstract]（
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Yuan Yanan,Zhao Yueshu,Zhang Zhan,Hu Mengcai,Yao Meiling
To investigate the status of birth defects in Zhengzhou City, and to provide a evidence base for the countermeasures. Methods: Birth defects were monitored in the childbirths of normal deliveries and those of therapeutic induction of labor in the hospitals of Zhengzhou City, from July 2011 to June 2012. Results: The perinatal mortality was 10.18% (1,408/138,376), of which 34.66% (488/1,408) were the deaths with birth defect(s). The incidence of birth defect(s) was 9.53/10,000 (1,315/128,376). The incidence of birth defect(s) in the children of the mothers over 35 years old was the highest (126.06/10,000). The prenatal diagnosis rate of birth defect(s) was 45.40%. The top three birth defects prenatally diagnosed were congenital heart disease, total cleft lip and congenital hydrocephalus, while the top three birth defects postnatally diagnosed were multi-finger (toe), outer ear deformity and total cleft lip. Conclusion: Birth defects have become one of the major causes of perinatal deaths. Perinatal education and prenatal screening should be strengthened. The improved prenatal diagnostic techniques is the key to reducing birth defects in children born.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 177-180 [Abstract]（
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Wang Wei,Geng Li,Wu Shuying,Wang Xiaoye,Wang Ying
To investigate the importance of microecological evaluation in diagnosing vaginitis before the induced abortion, and to investigate the distribution of vaginal microflora in the women with vaginitis before the induced abortion. Methods: A total of 407 women with diagnosed vaginitis who requested for an induced abortion were recruited from Mar 1, 2012 to May 31, 2012, and the samples of vaginal secretion were collected for the microecological evaluation of vaginal microflora. Results: The bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were the main diseases in the 407 patients, with 30.2% (123/407) of BV diagnosed by Nugent score of ≥7, and 22.6% (92/407) of VVC. There were 164 women who had no specific infectious agents and were characterized by only abnormal vaginal microflora. Of the 407 women, 26.5% showed normal vaginal microflora, 70.8% were with the microflora density of degree ++ ~ +++, 65% with the microflora diversity of degree ++ ~ +++, and 31.7% with the vaginal secretion of pH>4.5. The abnormal vaginal microflora mainly included gram-positive dialister bacterium (29.5%), gram-negative microbacterium (18.2%), gram-positive coccus (12.5%) and gram-negative coccus (11.8%). Conclusion: The microecological evaluation of vaginal microflora provides an important method to exactly diagnose women's vaginitis before the induced abortion, and may instruct the perioperative treatment.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 181-183 [Abstract]（
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Zhu Qingwen,Shi Weihong
To study the relationship between genetic factors and alloimmune factors in the recurrent spontaneous abortions. Methods: The aborted villi were collected from the patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and cultured. The RSA patients were grouped according to whether there existed chromosomal abnormalities in aborted villi. The peripheral lymphocytes were collected at different time-points (pre-pregnancy, early pregnancy, and post-abortion) from the RSA patients and subject to the the one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures with the stimulation of husband's lymphocytes or aborted villus tissues to determine the lymphocyte transformation rate. Results: The villi-stimulated lymphocyte transformation rate of the post-abortion group with embryonic chromosomal abnormalities (11.37± 6.65%) was significantly higher than that of the pre-pregnancy group (7.94 ± 4.17%) or early pregnancy group (8.78±4.74%) (P<0.05, respectively), and it was also significantly higher than that of post-abortion group without embryonic chromosomal abnormalities (7.84±3.97%) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Both genetic factors and alloimmunization are two important factors of recurrent spontaneous abortions, and they can coexist. Embryonic chromosomal abnormalities may induce the mother to produce more blocking antibodies.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 185-187 [Abstract]（
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Liu Chen,Rong Yang,Fan Zhang,Chen Jiangping
To study the clinical efficacy of the combination of radiotherapy and endostatin injection in the treatment of moderate and advanced squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods: Sixty patients with moderate and advanced cervical cancer were randomized divided into two groups: experiment group (n=30, treated with endostatin plus radiotherapy) and control group (n=30, treated with radiotherapy alone). The radiotherapy in all patients was extracorporeal irradiation and intracavitary afterloading therapy. Endostatin (7.5mg/m2·d) was intravenously given for consecutive 14 days, followed by a 7-day interval of rest, as a treatment cycle. The tumor vascular imaging parameters were detected by CT scan before treatment and 1,2,3,4 weeks after treatment, respectively, to assess the short-term efficacy of the treatment. Results: (1) In the experiment group, the degree of tumor vascular tortuosity and swelling was reduced, and the distribution of tumor vasculum was more evenly, showing different degrees of normalization, which was more evident at the first week after treatment. The tissue blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time after treatment were significantly greater than those before treatment (P<0.05). These changes were even more evident in the first week of treatment, but not significantly different from those of the later weeks (P>0.05). (2) In the control group, the tumor vascular morphology and distribution pattern had apparent changes after treatment, and the tissue blood flow, tissue blood volume, and mean transit time after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). But the degree of these changes was significant lower than that of experiment group (P<0.05). (3) There was a significant difference in the 5-year survival rate, recurrence rate and progression-free survival rate, respectively, between two groups (P<0.05), with the better efficacy in experiment group. Conclusion: The radiotherapy is a positive means for the treatment of moderate and advanced cervical cancer, and endostatin injection could improve the effect of radiotherapy.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 188-191 [Abstract]（
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Chen Fan,Su Yingchun,Sun Yingpu,Guo Yihong,Sun Jing,Wang Fang
To study the clinical pregnancy of artificial insemination with husband sperm (AIH-IUI), and the clinical outcome of the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) following the failure of the AIH-IUI. Methods: The related data of 1,657 cycles of AIH-IUI conducted in this centre for 1,038 infertile couples were collected. The clinical outcomes of the AIH-IUI cycles and those of IVF-ET subsequent to the failure of AIH-IUI were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical pregnancy rate of AIH-IUI cycles was 13.88% (230/1,657). With the increase in age of female patients, the pregnancy rate was decreased. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between the patients with single or double unobstructed oviducts or between the patients with different cycles of AIH-IUI. The pregnancy rate of the patients with secondary infertility was significantly higher than that of the patients with primary infertility (P<0.05). The pregnancy rate was the highest in the patients inseminated with 10~20×106 sperm (P<0.05). The pregnancy rate of IVF-ET following the failed AIH-IUI was 52.34% (201/384). There was no significant difference in Gn dose, number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, number of embryos transferred, or clinical pregnancy rate among the patients with different failed AIH-IUI cycles. Conclusion: The age of female patients, type of infertility and the quantity of sperm inseminated can affect the pregnancy rate of AIH-IUI. The patients may receive the treatment of up to 3 cycles of AIH-IUI. For the elder patients or those with longer duration of infertility, it is suggested that IVF-ET be conducted earlier.
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 192-194 [Abstract]（
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Li Juan,Wang Leiguang,Wei Bin,Dong Yunling,Gai Ling,Wang Hongyan,Wu Aihua,Qiuyi
Try to investigate the separation method of the inner embryonic cell mass of Kunming mouse, separation time of primary colonies and the effect of passage method on the efficiency of stem cell establishment. Method: The cell line of embryonic stem cells was established from Kunming mouse blastocysts at fetal age 3.5 day. The affect of the establishment efficiency was compared between intact embryo cultivation and immunosurgery for the isolation of the inner cell mass. The separation time of the primary clone was observed. The affect of the establishment efficiency was compared between mechanical method passage and enzymatic digestion passage. Results: We established 3 cell lines of embryonic stem cells after 30 blastocysts were cultured by intact embryo cultivation. We established 4 cell lines of embryonic stem cells after 32 blastocysts were treated by immunosurgery. Both two groups can establish embryonic stem cell lines effectively. The best time for the isolation of the Kunming mouse primary stem cell clones is 4 ~ 6 d proliferation. Mechanical method is better for the stem cells before 5 generations, and enzymatic digestion passage method is better for the stem cells after 5 generations. Conclusion: Both intact embryo cultivation method and immunosurgery method can effectively establish Kunming mouse embryonic stem cell lines. The passage with the combination of mechanical and enzymatic digestion methods is more suitable for the establishment of embryonic stem cell from Kunming mouse .
2013 Vol. 21 (3): 196-199 [Abstract]（
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