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Fan Caijun
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 657- [Abstract]（
36
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Li Ying, Zhang Shikun, Zhang Liming, et al
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 660- [Abstract]（
50
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Wei Jihong, Guo Wei, Zheng Xiaoying
This article reviews the development of rural primary health care (PHC) system in different periods, analyzes the general features and achievements of the system in the planned economy and during the economic transition, and summarizes the best practice and valuable experience of the PHC in rural China.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 664- [Abstract]（
45
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Lu Fuquan, Chen He, Pei Lijun, Zheng Xiaoying
Objective: To investigate the association of socioeconomic status of pregnant women with the adverse birth outcomes in Chinese women to provide the evidence for the screening of the pregnant women at high risk of adverse birth outcomes. Methods: Based on Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey 2002, a multiple Logistic regression was conducted to examine the associations between the three main series of categorical independent variables (socioeconomic status, physical activity, and nutrition supplement) and the two dependent variables (low birth weight and macrosomia). Results: The incidences of low birth weight and macrosomia in the studied women were 5.8% and 11.4%, respectively. Pregnant women living in a middle/small town, with lower education, lower income, and with walking as a main way of transportation, had a higher possibility of producing low-birth-weight babies, and those with lower education, lighter intensity of physical activity, and with bike or public transportation as main transportation way, had a higher possibility of producing macrosomia babies. Conclusion: The socioeconomically disadvantaged women are at a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes and screening program should be designed more specifically to these women.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 667- [Abstract]（
46
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Zhang Biyun, Miao Zhulin, Wang Zineng, He Xiaohong, Chen jin, Li Yuhua, Li Yanqiu
Objective: To examine the association of two common putative functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the promoter of toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) with the risk of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (URSA) in a Chinese population. Methods: We recruited 183 URSA women and 240 miscarriage-free controls in this study. The environmental factors were studied with a questionnaire survey, and two SNPs in the TLR4 promoter (rs10983755 G>A, ss77136219 A>G) were examined by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Results: The polymorphism of ss77136219A>G in the TLR4 promoter was associated with an increased risk of URSA, and women with higher BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) and older age (≥35 years old) were also found to be at higher risk of URSA. The polymorphism of ss77136219A>G in the TLR4 promoter up-regulated the expression of TLR4 and its mRNA in human decidua. Conclusions: The TLR4-promoter-ss77136219 G genotype may be a risk factor of URSA. Higher BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) and older age (≥35 years old) can also increase the incidence of URSA in Chinese women.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 671- [Abstract]（
45
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Guo Juncheng, Che Xiuying, Zhu Zhuangyan, Liu Runhua, Zhao Fuxi
Objective: To study the expression of E-cadherin and its correlation with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the first-trimester trophoblast cells of women with recurrent abortions. Methods: The first-trimester trophoblast tissues were collected from 34 women with recurrent abortions who were diagnosed as embryonic diapause (experimental group) and 41 normal pregnant women who requested an induced abortion (control group). The expression of E-cadherin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and human papillomavirus DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The expression of E-cadherin in the trophoblast cells was significantly lower (P<0.001) while HPV infection rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the experimental group than in the control group. For those HPV-positive tissues, the expression of E-cadherin in experimental group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The down-regulated expression of E-cadherin in the first-trimester trophoblast cells may be associated with the recurrent abortion, while HPV infection was likely to be involved in this process.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 676- [Abstract]（
44
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Liu Qilan, Zhang Chunyan, Wang Jingling, Liu Yan, Zha Shuwei, Cao Yang,Lin Ning, Wang Lijuan, Sun Qing, Xu Xiaoyan, Hu Yali
Objective: To show the profile of congenital and hereditary diseases among the children under 7 years old in Jiangsu province. Methods: The congenital and hereditary diseases were monitored among 26,803 pregnant women from 20-25 weeks of gestation and their children at birth, 3-4 years old and 6-7 years old. The monitoring covered 110 towns (subdistricts) selected by stratified cluster random sampling from 19 districts/counties of 13 cities in Jiangsu province. Results: 298 cases displayed diseases during the embryonic development, and the occurrence rate was 111.18/10,000. 361 and 545 cases were found in 3-4 years old children and 6-7 years old children, respectively, and the occurrence rates were 134.68/10,000 and 203.34/10,000, respectively. Among the affected children of 6-7 years old, 344 (63.12%) were males and 201 (36.88%) were females. The occurrence rate in rural areas (229/10,000) was significantly higher than that in urban areas (159/10,000) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The occurrence of congenital and hereditary diseases tended to increase with the children growth and development, and the types of the most common diseases were slightly different among different age groups. There was a discrepancy in occurrence of the diseases in different sexes and different areas. Interventions at primary level need to be strengthened.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 679- [Abstract]（
40
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Dai Baozhen, Su Yafei, Hao Xiaouin, Jiao Lintuan
Objective: To investigate the incidence, types, distribution and causes of birth defects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to provide the evidence for targeted intervention. Methods: A household survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of birth defects of the neonates born between Oct 1st, 2005 to Sept 30th, 2008. The sampled towns were selected by stratified cluster random sampling from 12 districts of Inner Mongolian Autonomous region. Results: Data of 62,961 neonates born at the given period were collected and there were 976 children with birth defect. The total incidence of birth defects was 155.02/10,000. The top five birth defects were neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, cleft lip with cleft palate, multiple fingers (toes) and congenital hydrocephalus, accounting for 49.6% of total birth defects. The incidence of birth defects in male (162.70/10,000) was significantly higher than that of female (126.38/10,000) (P<0.01). The death rate of babies with birth defects was 29.7%. The incidence of birth defects tended to increase with the growing age and the descending education level of pregnant woman. Targeted interventions were taken by 23.5% of women before pregnancy and 98.6% during pregnancy. No significant difference in the incidence of birth defects was found in different ethic groups. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high in China and shows an ascendant trend. We should actively promote prenatal care and prenatal screening, and increase the awareness and knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 683- [Abstract]（
44
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Huang Jiangtao, Wang Qiling, Tang Yunge, Tang Lixin, Peng Anzhou, Shi Li
Objective: To investigate the incidence of infertility in new couples of Han,Yao and Zhuang ethnic groups in Guangdong province. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 4,404 newly married couples selected by cluster sampling from 3 different ethnic areas (Liannan Yao Autonomous County,Lianshan Zhuang Autonomous County and Lianzhou City) of North Gruangdong in 2009. Results: 550 of 4,404 couples were found to fall into the category of infertility, and the incidence of infertility was 12.5%. The incidence of infertility in Han, Yao and Zhuang couples was 11.7% (411/3,527),16.7%(101/502) and 13.9% (38/274), respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of infertility among different ethnic groups (P<0.05), with the highest incidence in Yao couples. The rate of seeking for medical interventions in the infertile couples was only 7.5%, with even lower rate in minority couples than in Han couples. Many factors (couples' age, ethnic, educational level, living condition, marital relationship and quality of sexual life) were found to be associated with the infertility (P<0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of infertility in the minority couples is higher than in Han couples. The prevalence of infertility may be different in regions and in ethnic groups.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 687- [Abstract]（
45
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Li Na, Miao Congxiu, Guan Suping, Miao Hui, Li Rui, Yang Hongmei
Objective: To study the outcomes of different vitrification protocols for the cryopreservation of human immature oocytes. Methods: A total of 744 spared oocytes in GV stage were collected and randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group A (n=128): directly for in vitro maturation (IVM); Group B (n=220): vitrified without IVM; Group C (n=155): IVM to MⅡstage and then vitrified; Group D (n=112): vitrified after crown-cumulus cells removed; Group E (n=129): vitrified with presence of crown-cumulus cells. The rates of survival, maturation, fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation of the frozen-thawed/fresh GV oocytes were compared between the groups. Results: Compared with those in Group A, the rates of maturation, fertility, cleavage and blastocyst formation in Group B or Group C were significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Group B and Group C in survival, maturation, fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation rate (P>0.05). The rate of maturation in Group E was higher than that of Group D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between these two groups in survival rate, fertilization rate, number of 2-cell embryos or > 2-cell embryos (P>0.05). Conclusion: Vitrification of human immature oocytes with intact crown-cumulus cells can significantly improve the cryopreservation outcomes.
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 690- [Abstract]（
42
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Huang Xiaoyan
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 714- [Abstract]（
47
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Wu Cheng
2012 Vol. 20 (10): 717- [Abstract]（
53
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