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Lv Nianqing, Gu Yiqun, Xia Shujie, Wang Yifei, Li Philip S.
Male circumcision (MC) can reduce HIV transmission through heterosexual intercourse by 60% and is therefore recommended as an important strategy for HIV prevention by WHO and UNAIDS. Several observational and epidemiological studies have also demonstrated significant reduction in the risk of human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus 2 as well as the incidence of other sexual transmitted infections and prostate cancer with male circumcision, providing long-term healthy benefits for both men and women. However, the long term benefits and the acceptability of MC are currently underestimated in China. Recently, accumulated evidence shows that the ShangRing device for simplified adult circumcision may play an important role in preventing HIV transmission and promoting reproductive health for both men and women in China.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 298- [Abstract]（
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Geng qiang, Guo Jun, Zhang Jian, Wang Fu
Objective: To explore the effect of the Chinese medicine Bushenhuoxue on oligospermia and asthenospermia. Methods: Research literatures about the treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia with Chinese medicines between January 1999 and December 2009 were retrieved. The included literatures went through meta-analysis with Revman 4. 2 software. Assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Results: Seven eligible reports were identified in this study, including 621 cases. The effective and pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the Chinese medicine group than in the western medicine group. Conclusion: The Chinese medicine Bushenhuoxue shows definite curative effect in the treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 303- [Abstract]（
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Wei Gang,Chen Xihua,Wang Ning,He Bin,Wang Shangming,Zhang Bin,Zhang Shucheng,Wang Jiedong
Objective: To compare the gene expression profile of Jinkuishenqi pill and Wuziyanzong pill on the recovery of spermatogenesis in azoospermia mice. Methods: Chinese traditional medicine Jinkuishenqi pills and Wuziyanzong pills were administrated to Busulfan azoospermia mice by gastric irrigation for 78 days (two spermatogenesis cycles) respectively. The normal mice were as the control. The total testis RNA was extracted to study gene expression profile by microarray. Results: Compared with the control group, 32 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated genes were found in the detected 31 722 genes. All genes were down-regulated by Wuziyanzong pill, while up-regulated by Jinkuishenqi pill. The result of KEGG analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were mainly distributed in eight signal pathways such as cell cycle, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, Jak-Stat, and so on. Conclusion: Both of the two classic Chinese herbs play an central role in stimulating the recovery of spermatogenesis. The regulation pathways of the two medicines are different. Wuziyanzong may promote the recovery of spermatogenesis by enhancing the immune function in the azoospermia mice; while Jinkuishenqi may achieve its function by stimulating cell proliferation regulated by several signal pathways.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 307- [Abstract]（
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Gao Xiaobo,Ma Yan, Ma Xu, Peng Xiaozhong
Objective: To explore the effect of missense mutation S258F of connexin 50 (Cx50) associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract on zebrafish lens development. Methods: The fragment encoding wild-type or mutant-type was subcloned into pcDNA3.1myc-His. The 5' capped mRNA of both wild-type and mutant was synthesized from pcDNA3.1myc-His plasmids. A total of 50-100pg of RNA was injected into one-cell stage embryos. Living embryos were observed under a microscope. Whole-mount in situ hybridization on embryos were performed to detect the expression of lens marker Cx23. Results: Compared with wild-type embryos, overexpression of Cx50 S258F led to cataract formation in zebrafish lens. Although overexpressing wild-type Cx50 displayed similar phenotype, the percent of defect phenotype decreased significantly. Conclusion: Overexpressing Cx50 S258F leads to cataract formation in zebrafish lens, suggesting that the missense mutation S258F could be causative for congenital cataract formation.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 313- [Abstract]（
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Wang Yaqin, Diao Ying
Objective: To explore the expression and clinical significance of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor (PAF-R) during the period of the implantation window among infertile women. Methods: Ten infertile women, 10 normal non-pregnant women and 10 pregnant women with a gestational age of 40+ days were recruited. ELISA assay were conducted to analyze the level of PAF and the activity of PAF-acetyl-hydrolase (PAF-AH). The expression of PAF-R on peripheral blood moncytes (PBMCs) was examined by cytoflowmetry, and levels of PAF-R in endometrum and decidual tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry method. Results: The concentration of PAF (7.49±0.90 ng/ml), the activity of PAF-AH (15.37±2.19 ng/ml), and the expression of PAF-R on PBMCs (40.79±16.10%) and in endometrium (0.27±0.05%) during the period of implantation in the group of infertile women were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P all<0.01). The expression of PAF-R on PBMCs was positively correlated with that in the endometrium during the period of the implantation among infertile women (r= 0.972, P<0.01). Conclusion: Decreased concentration of plasma PAF, increased activity of PAF-AH and decreaed expressions of PAF-R on PBMCs and in endometrium could be one of the mechanisms of infertility. The expression of PAF-R on PBMCs can indirectly reflect the expression of PAF-R in the endometrium.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 318- [Abstract]（
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Zhu Jiang, Zhong Chunli, Lu Weiqun, Zhou Qiang, Reng Jingni
Objective: To explore the status and influencing factors of the spermarcheal age and masturbation among minority male adolescent. Methods: A total of 250 Miao, Buyi, Shui, Gelao and Dong unmarried male adolescent at 14-28 years of age in Zhenning, Sandu, Yupan and Wuchuan County of Guizhou Province were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling and interviewed with the questionnaires closed. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The median spermarcheal age of the respondects was 15, which was more than the national average age. A downward secular trend in spermarcheal age was found. And the spermarcheal age of the respondents living in urban areas was less than those living in rural areas. About 40.8% of the respondents reported masturbation. The ratios of masturbation were significantly different among nations. Ethnic, registered permanent residence and awareness of reproductive health could impact the feelings of masturbation. Conclusion: Social economy and ethnic culture are important factors which affect developments of sexual physiology and sexual psychology by deciding life style. In order to improve reproductive health of minority, education on reproductive health with cultural characteristic of different ethnics is necessary.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 324- [Abstract]（
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Wang Qiling
Objective: To explore the status of knowledge and demands of reproductive health service among male migrant workers and provide the evidences for the optimal comprehensive intervention pattern. Methods: A total of 533 male migrant workers in Zhongshan city were interviewed with a questionnaire including general demography characteristics, sex activities, knowledge and demands of reproductive health service. Results: About 87.1 percent of the participants desired regular sex activity. The mean score of reproductive health knowledge for unmarried and married workers was 5.32 and 6.28, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis suggested the scores were statistically influenced by marital status, educational level, with sex partner or not, contraceptive use or not, with unexpected pregnance or not and willing of taking part in reproductive health education for male migrant workers. Among them, 73.7 percent had never obtained sexual and reproductive health education or contraceptive consulting services in their transient living areas. About 94.52 percent of them wanted to participate reproductive health education, especially consulting services. Conclusion: The awareness of sexual and reproductive health is lower among male migrant workers. They eager for specific contraceptive and reproductive knowledge and personalized reproductive health services.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 327- [Abstract]（
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Chen Qiuju, Lu Mei, Cheng Linan
Objective: To explore the efficacy of low dose of mifepristone capsule (75mg) in combination with misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. Methods: A pilot study was performed in four hospital of Shanghai. One hundred and twenty women within 49 days' gastation were treated with 75mg of mifepristone capsule and 600ug of misoprostol . Results: The complete abortion rate was 91.67% (110/120), incomplete abortion rate was 6.66% (8/120) and continuing pregnancy rate was 1.67% (2/120). The mean abortion interval was 2.77 hours and the amount of vaginal bleeding was 43.4ml. No one had blood transfusion or analgesic. The follow- up results showed the vaginal bleeding days were 12.2±7.7 days, including 8.1±7.3 days of spotting time . No serious side effects were reported. Conclusions: The pilot study showed the regimen of mifepristone capsule (75mg) in combination with misoprostol is a good alternative for termination of early pregnancy. But the results should be confirmed by a large sample randomized controlled trials.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 332- [Abstract]（
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Huang Zhuomin, Gu Yan, Jiang Manru, Tang Demin, Yao Jilong, Cao Manrui
Objective: To explore early diagnosis and treatment choice of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods: The clinical data of 66 cases of CSP were analysed retrospectively. Patients underwent transvaginal in combination with transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography. Forty-seven women were treated with uterine arterial embolization (UAE) in combination with ultrasonography-guided suction curettage (group A), 9 women received methotrexate in combination with ultrasonography-guided suction curettage (group B), and laparotomy lesion excision was conducted in 10 women (group C). Results: The accuracy of transvaginal in combination with transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of CSP was 92.4%. The intraoperative blood loss in group A was significantly less than those of the other groups, and that in Group B was significantly less when compared with group C (P<0.05). The durations of postoperative vaginal bleeding, hospitalization and serum β-hCG declining to normal in group A and group C were significantly less than those of group B (P<0.05), while no statistical difference was found between group A and group C. Women were healed without hysterectomy and severe complications. Resumption of normal menstrual cycles occurred in all women afterwards. Conclusions: Transvaginal in combination with transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography is proved to be valuable in early diagnosis of CSP. The treatment choice of CSP should be individualized. Methotrexate could be used for assistant treatment of UAE or laparotomy lesion excision in the treatment of CSP. While laparotomy lesion excision is recommended for those with big focus, a gestational sac embedded into the deep myometrium, even into the bladder. UAE in combination with ultrasonography-guided suction curettage could be a safe and effective method, and be suggested for those with acute hemorrhea or a gestational sac growing towards cervical canal, uterine isthmus and uterine cavity.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 335- [Abstract]（
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Geng Linlin, Wang Youqv, Zhang Wei, Huang Jun
Objective: To explore the relationship between the endometrial area of uterine longitudinal section by transvaginal ultrasound and pregnancy outcomes, and assess the endometrial receptivity according to the endometrial area. Methods: A total of 520 women who underwent artificial insemination of donor for assisted reproductive treatment cycles in Reproductiven Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning were recruited. The endometrial area of uterine longitudinal section on the day of hCG administration and the window of implantation (7 days after ovulation) were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound. Women were divided into four groups respectively according to the endometrial area on the day of hCG administration and the window of implantation. And the pregnancy outcome was evaluated. Results: The endometrial area of uterine longitudinal section on the day of hCG administration was significantly less than that of the window of implantation. The endometrial area on the day of hCG administration in pregnant women was less than that of non-pregnant ones, but showing no significant difference. The endometrial area of the window of implantation in pregnancy women was significantly less than that of non-pregnant ones. The range of the endometrial area suitable for pregnancy was 1.50cm2 to less than 5.5cm2 on the day of hCG administration. The highest pregnancy rate was found in those with 1.5cm2 to less than 3.5cm2 of the endometrial area, and no pregnancy occurred when the endometrial area was less than 1.5cm2 or not less than 5.5cm2. The range of the endometrial area of the window of implantation suitable for pregnancy was 1.5cm2 to less than 6.0cm2. The highest pregnancy rate was found in those with 1.5cm2 to less than 4.5cm2, and no pregnancy occurred when the endometrial area was less than 1.5cm2 or not less than 6.0cm2. Conclusion: Monitoring the endometrial area of uterine longitudinal section by transvaginal ultrasonorgraphy provides a simple, intuitive, non-invasive ultrasound evaluation of the endometrial receptivity.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 339- [Abstract]（
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Zhou Shiyuan, Zhu Airong, Bo Liwei, Xie Jiansheng, Li Jing, Wang Yanli , Zhou Jiping
Objective: To develop a low-density gene chip method for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Methods: Twenty-one HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes, which containing 15 subtypes of high-risk HPV, 5 subtypes of low-risk HPV types and the subtype of CP8304, were tailed and immobilized on a nylon membrane to develop the low-density gene chip-based detecting system. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) was used as a gold standard to evaluate the new detecting system. A total of 148 cervical samples were selected by HC2 and were further detected with the low-density gene chip method. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the detectiing system were evaluated, and the reliability of genotypes was tested by DNA sequencing. Results: The low-density gene chip detecting result showed a good agreement with that of HC2. The observed agreement was 95.95% with kappa = 0.82. A total of 18 genotypes were detected. Good sensitivity and specificity as well as stabilized system were found. Conclusion: The Low-density gene chip detection appears to be a high specific, sensitive, rapid, simple and economic approach used for HPV screening, diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 342- [Abstract]（
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Huang Zhongjun, Zhu Jiansheng, Yin Gengxin, Guo Tianyi, Zhai Yong, Wang Jingcheng, Xu Donglan, Du Huarong, Fu Keqin
Objective: To establish a real-time quantitative PCR method for rapid diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). Methods: The fragments from DS critical region gene 3 (DSCR3) on chromosome 21 and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene on chromosome 12 were co-amplified by qPCR. The relative quantitative index ΔCT value was used to differentiate DS patient from healthy individual. Results: TheΔCT value from DS group was significantly different from that of normal control group (P<0.001), and no overlapping was observed. A real-time quantitative PCR method for rapid diagnosis of DS was preliminarily established. Conclusion: The real-time quantitative PCR method could be used to rapidly diagnose DS. It is simple, quick, and highly specific.
2012 Vol. 20 (5): 346- [Abstract]（
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