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Wei Chenghou, Niu Gang, Shen Hongwei, Zhou Bei, Zhu Guoping, Wu Yuanyuan, Qin Weibing, Zhao Wenzhong
Objective: To study expressions and correlations of aquaporin-1(AQP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in samples of endometrium from women suffering from endometriosis and to explore the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods: Expressions of AQP1 and VEGF were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in ectopic and eutopic endometria from 36 women suffering from endometriosis (the study group) and 22 samples of normal endometrium were as the control. The scoring system (HSCORE) that incorporated both the intensity and the distribution of specific staining and was used. Spearman's rank correlation were conducted for statistical analysis. Results: AQP1 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries, while VEGF was in endothelial cells of capillaries and interstitial cells. Expression levels of AQP1 and VEGF in the ectopic endometrium were higher than those of the eutopic endometrium in the study group (P<0.05). And expression levels of AQP1 and VEGF in the eutopic endometrium of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the study group, expression levels of AQP1 and VEGF in the ectopic endometrium from the proliferative stage were significantly higher than those from the secretory stage (P<0.01). While there were no significant differences in expression levels of AQP1 and VEGF in the eutopic endometrium as well as the endometrium of the control group between the proliferative stage and the secretory stage (P>0.05). Expression levels of AQP1 in ectopic and eutopic endometria was closely positively correlated with those of VEGF in the study group (r=0.774, P=0.000; r=0.749, P=0.000). While there was no correlation between expression levels of AQP1 and VEGF in the control group (r=-0.015, P=0.946). Conclusion: AQP1 is overexpressed in the ectopic endometrium suggests that AQP1 might be related with adherence and aggression in endometriosis. Both AQP1 and VEGF are important in angiogenesis, which might play an important role in the promotion of endometriosis.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 156- [Abstract]（
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Zhou Qunfang, Leng Jinhua
Objective: To examine effects of osteopontin (OPN) on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and to explore the role of OPN in endometriosis. Methods: The lactate dehydrogenase release assay was used to evaluated effects of different dose of OPN and OPN antibody as well as the ascites of women with endometriosis and that treated with OPN antibody on NK cell activities. Results: The NK cell cytotoxicity was decreased by OPN (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 250, 500ng/ml) in a dose-dependent manner (compared to control, P<0.05). Significantly higher cytotoxicity was found when the concentration of OPN was 1 000ng/ml compared to that with 500ng/ml of OPN. When OPN was prior to incubate with the OPN monoclonal antibody, the NK cell cytotoxicity were increased compared to corresponding OPN group (P all <0.05). The ascites of women with endometriosis could inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity (P<0.05). The monoclonal antibody against osteopontin could increase NK cell cytotoxicity when incubating with the ascites of women with endometriosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: OPN maybe an inhibitor of NK cell cytotoxicity in the ascites of women with endometriosis.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 160- [Abstract]（
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Jin Yi, Wang Enjun, Song Jie, Guan Hong, Liu Bin
Objective: To explore the inhibition of indocalamus tessellatus polysaccharides on tumor growth and its immune regulation. Methods: U14-bearing-mice were used to observe the inhibitory action of indocalamus tessellatus polysaccharides on tumor growth and determine the index of spleen, the proliferation index of T lymphocyte and the phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophage. Results: Three doses of Indocalamus tessellatus polysaccharides showed tumor-inhibitory effects, increased the index of spleen, promoted lymphocyte transformation and increased phagocytic percentage as well as index of peritoneal macrophage. Conclusion: Indocalamus tessellatus polysaccharides can inhibit tumor growth and enhance immune regulation in vivo.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 164- [Abstract]（
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Mei zhiqiang, Shi yaping
Objective: To explore the influence of the educational level and occupation pregnancy intention among the generation of the 80s. Methods: The respondents recruited were classified according to their educational levels and occupations. The pregnancy intention in different education levels and different occupations was evaluated. Results: Constituent ratios of those who didn't want children and those intending to have more than three children were significantly different among different educational levels (χ2=84.80, P<0.01; χ2=69.42, P<0.01). Constituent ratios of those who didn't want children were significantly different among different occupations (χ2=95.44, P<0.01), while differences in ratios of those wanting more than three children had no significance (χ2=10.88, P>0.01). Respondents with different educational levels and different occupations didn't want to have more than three children and 96% considered it was best to have 1 child or 2 children. The number of people who wanted to have two children was about 10 percentage, higher than whose having only one. Constituent ratios of people who didn't want to have children and wanted to have more than three children were higher among those with graduate degree, 4.12% and 4.84% respectively. Conclusion: The effect of educational levels and occupations on the 80' procreation quantity is negligible.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 168- [Abstract]（
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Li Chengfu, Song Xinming
Objective: To explore the prevalence of intended pregnancy and its influencing factors among maternal women. Methods: Data used in this paper were from a retrospective survey of maternal women between 2002 and 2004, which was conducted by face-to-face study in Wuxi. The total number of women was 1 628. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of intended pregnancy. Results: The proportion of intended pregnancy was 73.2% in this study. Regression analysis showed that the maternal women with childbearing age over 30, same education level as husbands, small number of family size, per capital household income for upper stage, accessing other health insurance in addition to basic medical insurance, and having been to health counseling agencies, folic acid supplement, TORCH and/or chromosome examinations before pregnancy had much higher proportion of intended pregnancy. Conclusion: Many factors impact on intended pregnancy. To increase the proportion of intended pregnancies, the comprehensive intervention model, in which government, communities, families, and individuals jointly participate, should be established to peomote intended pregnancy.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 171- [Abstract]（
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Xu Jiangjiang, Lou Chaohua, Cheng Yan, Gao Ersheng, Yin Xunli, Zuo Xiayun
Objective: To evaluate the effect of sexual and reproductive health education/services on the contraceptive knowledge and behavior among unmarried migrant youths, and to explore a suitable way of provision of reproductive health education/services for these population. Methods: All respondents were divided into the intervention group and the control group. A half-a-year intervention study was only conducted in the intervention group. A baseline survey and a post-intervention survey were conducted among all respondents. The effect of intervention was evaluated by results of the two surveys. SAS 9.1 software was used for data analyses. Results: The mean score of the contraceptive knowledge in the baseline survey was lower than half of the full mark. After intervention, the mean score in the intervention group (85.51) was much higher than that of the control group (50.38, P<0.01). Multi-factor analysis also indicated that the score of contraceptive knowledge significantly increased after intervention (B=32.81). In the baseline survey, 33.33% respondents in the intervention group and 59.09% in the control group reported their contraceptive uses in the last three sexual intercourses. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). After intervention, more respondents used contraceptive methods in each sexual intercourse (P<0.05). While there was no significant difference in it between the baseline survey and the post-intervention survey in the control group. Multi-factor analysis showed a tendency that intervention increased the contraceptive use among unmarried migrant youths (OR=2.33). Conclusion: Intervention can improve contraceptive awareness as well as contraceptive use among unmarried migrant youths. It suggests that a long, continuous intervention should be conducted to improve the contraceptive behavior.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 175- [Abstract]（
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Ren Shanshan, Pang Cheng, He Dian, Zhou You, Ji Ning, Cheng Yimin
Objective: To explore unmet demands for post-abortion care (PAC) among unmarried young women with induced abortion. Methods: A total of 27 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Zhengzhou were selected by a random sampling as study sites. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all women younger than 25 years old and seeking for first-trimester pregnancy termination services. Results: About 39.3% of respondents had their sexual debut younger than 20 years old. About 4.1% of respondents experienced an unwanted sex and 22.0% had sex with more than one male partner. Multiple induced abortions occurred in 31.3% of them. And 65.4% of current unintended pregnancies resulted from no use of contraceptives. Among 785 young women who used condoms, only 9.0% used in each sex intercouse. Emergency contraceptive was utilized by only 25.3% of them. The rates of seeking for counseling services and inquiring information about contraception from health professionals initiatively were 54.7% and 19.1% respectively, while only 17.9% and 0.9% acquired medical staffs' responses to contraceptives and free delivery services of contraceptives. Age, early sexual debut, number of sexual partners, premarital cohabitation, and educational background were statistically associated with occurrence of multiple induced abortions. Respondents' age, early sexual debut, educational background, and initiative in counseling about contraception issues were influencing factors of the knowledge score of contraceptives. Conclusion: There are enormous unmet demands for PAC services among unmarried young women in China.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 179- [Abstract]（
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TianYanling,Yan Xueming, Liu Chunlan, Du Xiaona
Objective: To explore the post-abortion comprehensive services for women of reproductive age in Xicheng District of Beijing and to provide a basis for standardized post-abortion comprehensive services. Methods: A total of 400 women of reproductive age who sought for induced abortion were recruited by a stratified sampling in four medical institutions for family planning. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Results: The age of respondents range from 18 to 48 years old with an average of 28.9 and standard deviation of 6.89. About 42.6% did not use any contraceptives, and 55.6% experinced contraceptive failure, while 1.8% were due to other reasons. The repeated abortion rate among respondents was 68.05%, higher than that of unmarried women (37.25%). The common contraceptives used were condoms (68.1%), safe period (38.7%), coitus interruptus (33.5%), and emergency contraception (19.4%). Respondents heard most frequently about the notice of post-abortion, followed by the type of contraceptives and how to use contraceptives. About 95% of the respondents were able to choose suitable contraceptives after abortion and willing to obtain services and information on family planning, and 62.0% inquired about contraceptive methods on their own initiative. While 91.2% of the doctors explained contraceptives during the inquiry, and the median and mode of inquiry time were both 10 minutes. About 77.8% of the doctors provided contraceptives on the spot. Conclusion: Women of reproductive age are willing to obtain services and information on family planning. A standardized PAC can improve reproductive health of women .
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 183- [Abstract]（
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Ju duan, Zhang Ying, Li Yan, Zhang Xiuling, Li Xiaozhou, Shi Yunfang, Wang Dongping, Sun Lijuan
Objective: To compare the positive rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in blood, urine, vaginal secretion and breast milk in women of reproductive age seropositive for CMV and to discuss the relationship between pregnancy and shedding of CMV. Methods: CMV IgG of 1 063 women of reproductive age was serologically detected by ELISA. The viral load of CMV in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), urine and vaginal secretion of 422 women who were serologically positive was evaluated with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. A follow-up visit was performed in 22 pregnant women who were seropositive for CMV. CMV load in breast milk were detected after delivery. Results: The seropositive rate was 71.1%. The positive rate of CMV DNA detected in PBL, urine and vaginal secretion of 422 women were 1.4%, 6.4% and 13.7% respectively, showing statistically significant difference (χ2=48.615,P=0.000). There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate of CMV DNA detected in the vaginal secretion among women in the preconception group (11.0%), the first trimester group(14.4%), and the second and third trimester group (26.7%, χ2=7.919,P=0.019). CMV DNA were found in the breast milk of 10 women after delivery (45.5%). The detection rate of CMV DNA in breast milk was higher in women who had CMV shedding in body fluid during pregnancy. Conclusion: It should be put an emphasis on the asymptomatic CMV shedding to women who are seropositive, especially the detection of CMV DNA in urine, vaginal secretion and breast milk after delivery.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 186- [Abstract]（
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Liu Chen, Wang Li, Zhang Fan, Zhu Yameng
Objective: To explore the status of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the prevalence rate of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) among female outpatients of Zhangjiakou Cityby. Methods: Women aged 19-70 who conducted visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA), electronic colposcopy, liquid-based cervicalcytology (LCT) and Hybrid Capture II (HC-II) between Nov. 2010 and June 2011 were recruited. Biopsy under colposcopy pathology was conducted in HPV-positive women and those with atypical squamous cells undetermined significance(ASCUS), lower-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) LSIL and more serious. Results: A total of 2 397 women recruited were divided into seven groups according to their ages: 15-24 years old, 25-29 years old, 30-34 years old, 35-39 years old, 40-44 years old, 45-49 years old and 50-70 years old. The detection rates of high risk HPV were 19.5%, 21.7%, 12.6%, 10.8%, 11.2%, 19.3% and 21.0%, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The infection rates of high risk HPV in women aged 25-29 and 50-59 were higher, but there was no significant difference between these two groups (P>0.05). The prevalence rates of CIN I, CIN II and CIN III were 4.2%, 1.8% and 0.4%. That of CIN I was higher those of CIN II and CIN III (P<0.05). The infection rate of HPV was increased with the grade of cervical lesions. And the infection rate of HPV was 8.7% in women without CIN. Conclusion: The infection rate of the high risk HPV is higher and the majority of cervical lesions are the low grade of CIN in ZhangJiakou.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 190- [Abstract]（
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Zhang Wei, Wang Yuqing, Geng Linlin
Objective: To explore the status of mycoplasma infection in infertile patients and its sensitivity to twelve antibiotics to provide a basis for the clinical rational use of drugs. Methods: Genital-tract secretions of 620 infertile patients were taken for mycoplasma culture and antibiotics sensitivity test. The positive rates of mycoplasma, ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasma hominis (Mh) were calculated, and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The positive rate of mycoplasma infection in infertile patients was 18.4% (114/620), and those of the female and male groups were 21.4% (82/384) and 13.6% (32/236), respectively. The positive rate of Uu infection in the female group was 16.7% (64/384) and that in the male group was 3.4% (8/236). The positive rate of Mh infection in the female group was 2.1% (8/384) and that in the male group was 6.8% (16/236). The positive rate of Uu and Mh co-infection in the female group was 2.6% (10/384) and that in the male group was 3.4% (8/236).There were significant differences in positive rates of mycoplasma, Uu and Mh infections between the female and male groups (P all <0.05). And there was significant difference between the Uu and Mh infection in the female group (P<0.05). Drug sensitivity test results showed that Uu infection sensitive to Mincycline was up to 100.0% (72/72) and resistant to ciprofloxacin was up to 41.6% (30/72); Mh infection sensitive to Mincycline was up to 100.0% (24/24) and resistant to erythromycin, erythromycin ring ester and clarithromycin reached 50%. The Uu and Mh co-infection sensitive to Mincycline was up to 77.8% (14/18) and had different levels of resistance to twelve kinds of antibiotics, and the resistance to erythromycin was up to 77.8%. Conclusion: Mycoplasma infection is high in infertile patients, but shows different characteristics in male and female patients. Mycoplasma infection should be treated according to the drug sensitivity test results.
2012 Vol. 20 (3): 193- [Abstract]（
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