To compare the efficacy, recurrence and complications of the adjuvant treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and dinorgestrel (DNG) of patients with ovarian endometriosis cyst (OEC) after their laparoscopic conservative treatment. Methods: 90 patients with OEC who had undergone laparoscopic exfoliation of OEC in the hospital were selected and were divided into two groups (90 cases in each group) according to the random number table method from April 2021 to April 2022. After surgery, the patients in the control group were treated with GnRHa and the patients in the observation group were treated with DNG. All the patients in the two groups were followed up for 12 months. The clinical data, the levels of tumor markers and ovarian function indexes, the postoperative recurrence and the adverse reactions rate of the patients were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The regression analysis was performed to analyze the recurrence factors of OEC of the patients. Results: In the 12th month of follow-up, the levels of the ovarian function indexes, such as serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and anti-Mullerian hormone of the patients in the two groups had decreased significantly, and the decrease degree of which of the patients in the observation group were significantly greater than those of the patients in the control group. The estradiol level of the patients in the control group had decreased to less than 20pg/ml in the first month after surgery, and the patients were given maintenance treatment by reversely adding half or one tablet tibolone. The level of estradiol of the patients in the control group had decreased earlier than that of the patients in the observation group. In the 6th month or the 12th month after surgery, the quality of life score of the patients in both group had increased significantly, and which (87.35±4.47 points or 92.14±4.51 points) of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that (72.46±4.22 points or 78.26±4.48 points) of the patients in the control group. The pain VAS score of the patients in both groups had decreased significantly, and which (0.58±0.81 points or 1.49±1.25 points) of the patients in the observation group in the 6th month or the 12th month after operation was significantly lower than that (1.74±points or 2.91±1.62 points) of the patients in the control group (all P<0.05). The recurrence rate (4.4%) and the pregnancy rate (36.4%) of the patients in the control group in 12 postoperative months had no significantly different from those (11.1% and 57.7%) of the patients in the observation group (P>0.05). The incidence of the adverse reactions (75.6%) of the patients in the control group was significantly higher than that (31.1%) of the patients in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: GnRHa or DNG adjuvant therapy of the patients after laparoscopic exfoliation of OEC can effectively reduce their postoperative recurrence of OEC, pain degree and adverse reactions rate. In comparison with that of GnRHa used, the application of DNG is more suitable for the patients who need the postoperative long-term management after laparoscopic exfoliation of OEC.