To explore the related factors of the prognosis outcomes of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS), and to study the predictive significance of the factors for MAS. Methods: The clinical data of 108 neonates with MAS admitted to the hospital from May 2016 to May 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment results, these neonates were divided into group A(neonates with successful treatment) and group B(neonates with failure treatment). The general data of the neonates were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of the prognosis outcomes of the neonates with MAS. The predictive value of the related factors of the neonates with MAS for their prognosis outcomes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results: Among 108 neonates with MAS, 21 neonates who had died in hospital or had given up treatment were in group A, and with the proportion of the poor prognosis of 19.4%. There were 87 neonates in group B. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of asphyxia(OR=1.370), the high degree of amniotic fluid pollution(OR=1.563) of the neonates with MAS were the independent risk factors affecting their prognosis. The supplementation of probiotics(OR=0.700) and the value of arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2)(OR=0.770) of the neonates with MAS were the protective factors of their prognosis(all P<0.05). The value of the area under the curve of PaO2/FiO2 of the neonates with MAS for predicting their prognosis was 0.970, and which was higher. Conclusion: The history of asphyxia, the degree of amniotic fluid pollution, the supplementation of probiotics and the PaO2/FiO2 value of the neonates with MAS were the factors affecting their prognosis. The value of PaO2/FiO2 of the neonates has certain value for predicting their prognosis. Early identification of these risk factors and the intervention measures conducted can improve the prognosis of the neonates.