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| Analysis of the fetal congenital malformation monitoring results in Liaocheng second people's hospital from 2020 to 2023 |
| 1.Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Shandong Province, 252600; 2.Liaocheng People's Hospital of Shandong Province |
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Abstract To analyze the monitoring results of the fetal congenital malformations (CM) in Liaocheng second people's hospital from 2020 to 2023, and to study the influencing factors of the fetal CM. Methods: A total of 5852 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations in hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected. These women were divided into group A (women with the suspective fetal malformation) and group B (women without the fetal malformation) based on their ultrasound screening results. The relevant information of the pregnant women was analyzed by single factor analysis, and the influencing factors of the fetal CM were analyzed by multiple factor analysis. Results: Among 5852 pregnant women, there were 56 cases with fetal CM, with the incidence of the fetal CM rate of 0.96%. The site of malformation of the fetuses was mainly in cardiovascular system (30.4%), and followed by the neurological malformations (23.2%). There were significant differences in the age of pregnancy ≥35 years old, the history of abnormal pregnancy, the history of toxic exposure during pregnancy, the history of medication during pregnancy, the pathogen infection during pregnancy, the folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, the diabetes or hypertension occurrence during pregnancy, and the smoking of the spouse of the women between group A and group B (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of the fetal CM of the women were their age of pregnancy ≥35 years old (OR=2.289), their history of toxic exposure during pregnancy (OR=3.152), their history of medication during pregnancy (OR=2.516), their pathogen infection during pregnancy (OR=2.449), their diabetes or hypertension occurrence during pregnancy (OR=2.792) and the smoking of their spouse (OR=2.584). The folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was a protective factor of the fetal CM of the women (OR=0.478). Conclusion: The age of pregnancy ≥35 years old, the history of exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy, the history of medication during pregnancy, the infection of pathogens during pregnancy, the diabetes or hypertension occurrence during pregnancy, the smoking of the spouse of the pregnant women are related to the occurrence of their fetal CM, and the folic acid supplementation can reduce the occurrence of their fetal CM. It is suggested that the accurately intervened for the pregnant women should be conducted based on these risk factors, and the pregnant women should be instructed to supplement folic acid effectively to reduce the risk of the fetal CM.
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