To explore the expression and clinical significance of the serum miR-203a-3p, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) of infertility women with endometriosis. Methods：During January 2018 to October 2019, 76 infertility women with endometriosis who had given surgical treatment and had been pregnancy in postoperative 24 months of follow up were included in study group, and were divided into group A (41 cases with normal pregnancy outcomes) and group B (35 cases with adverse pregnancy outcomes) according to the results of pregnancy. Another 76 healthy women who had accepted healthy physical examination were included in control group during the same period. The expression of miR-203a-3p in serum of the women in these groups was detected by a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument. The levels of the serum SOCS1 and SOCS3 of the women in these groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between the serum miR-203a-3p level of the women in study group and their serum SOCS1 and SOCS3 levels was analyzed by Pearson method. The diagnostic value of the serum miR-203a-3p, SOCS1, SOCS3 levels for endometriosie and infertility of the women was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The serum level of miR-203a-3p of the women in the study group was significantly higher than that of the women in the control group, while the serum levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 of the women in the study group were significantly lower. The serum level of miR-203a-3p of the women with endometriosis stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of the women with endometriosis stageⅠ/Ⅱ, while the serum levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 of the women with endometriosis stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ were significantly lower (all P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that miR-203a-3p level of the women in the study group was negatively correlated with their SOCS1 and SOCS3 levels (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of the miR-203a-3p level, SOCS1 level, and SOCS3 level of the women in the study group for diagnosing their endometriosis and infertility were 0.866, 0.818, and 0.806, respectively. The AUC, the specificity, and the sensitivity of the combined of the levels of miR-203a-3p, SOCS1, and SOCS3 the women in the study group for diagnosing their endometriosis and infertility were 0.929, 90.8%, and 84.2%, respectively. In the study group, the serum level of miR-203a-3p of the women in group B was significantly higher than that of the women in group A, while the levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 of the women in group B were significantly lower (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of the serum miR-203a-3p of the infertility women with endometriosis increases abnormally, and the levels of their serum SOCS1 and SOCS3 decrease abnormally. The levels of MiR-203a-3p, SOCS1, and SOCS3 of the women have certain diagnostic value for their endometriosis and infertility.