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Abstract To analyze the clinical characteristics and the changes of serum inflammatory factors levels of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Methods: 244 patients with endometriosis who underwent surgical treatment from March 2018 to February 2020 were collected retrospectively. These patients were divided into group A (patients with DIE) and group B (patients without DIE). The clinical data, the operative situation，and the levels of serum interleukin-8（IL-8)，tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）of the patients were compared between the two groups. Results: The age, the duration of endometriosis, and the serum CA125 level of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those of the patients in group B. The degree of dysmenorrhea, and the pain rate during intercourse and the incidence of the diarrhea during menstruation of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those of the patients in group B. The detection rate of the blue nodules in vaginal wall, the tenderness nodules of the uterine sacral ligament, and the tenderness nodules of the uterine posterior fornix by gynecological examination of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those of the patients in group B (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the value of body mass index, the incidences of chronic pelvic pain, anal belly, and urinary symptoms, and the rate of uterine fixation by gynecological examination of the patients between the two groups (P>0.05). The R-AFS stage and the pelvic adhesion degree of the patients in group A during operation were significantly higher than those of the patients in group B, and the serum IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of the patients in group B (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of complicated with ectopic ovarian cyst of the patients between the two groups (P>0.05). The severe dysmenorrhea, ≥2 positive results of gynecological examination, and the elevation of serum CA125, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels were the independent factors affecting the occurrence of DIE (P <0.05). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of the patients with DIE are diffrent from those of the patients without DIE. The patient with severe dysmenorrhea，≥2 positive results of gynecological examination, or the elevation of serum CA125 and inflammatory factor levels has high possibility of DIE.
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