To study the relationship between the fetal growth restriction (FGR) of pregnant women and their levels of placental growth factor (PLGF), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), homocysteine (Hcy), and leptin in maternal and cord blood. Methods: 100 pregnant women with FGR from January 2018 to October 2020 were selected in observation group retrospectively, and 100 normal pregnant women were selected in control group during the same period. The general data and laboratory test indicators of the women in the two groups were collected. The levels different of PLGF, IGF-1, Hcy, and leptin of the women were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between the different levels of PLGF, IGF-1, Hcy, and leptin of the women and their FGR occurrence was analyzed. Results: After delivery, the neonatal and placental weights of the women in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the women in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of PLGF in maternal serum, and the levels of PLGF, IGF-1, and leptin in umbilical cord blood of the women in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the women in the control group, while the levels of Hcy in maternal and umbilical cord blood were significantly higher (P<0.05). In the observation group, the neonatal and placental weights were no correlation with the levels of IGF-1 and leptin in maternal blood, but were positive correlation with the levels of PLGF in maternal blood, and the levels of PLGF, IGF-1 and leptin in umbilical blood (P<0.001), and had negatively correlated with the levels of Hcy in maternal serum and Hcy in umbilical cord blood (P<0.001). Conclusion: The high level of PLGF and low level of Hcy in maternal blood serum are closely related to FGR. The levels of IGF-1 and leptin in umbilical cord blood also affect the fetal growth and development. The occurrence of FGR can be confirmed according to the changes of various indicators in order to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in clinic.