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Abstract To investigate the value of the levels of serum Cysteine protease-1 (Caspase-1) and high mobility group protein-b1 (HMGB1) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring for evaluating brain injury of preterm infants. Methods: 129 premature infants with high-risk brain injury from June 2016 to may 2020 were selected and were divided into group A (75 infants with brain injury) and group B (54 infants without brain injury). The serum levels of Caspase-1 and HMGB1 of these infants were detected, and EEG of these infants was monitored. The value of the levels of serum Caspase-1 and HMGB1 and EEG monitoring for evaluating brain injury of these preterm infants was analyzed. Results: The levels of serum Caspase1 and HMGB1, and the proportions of discontinuous voltage, no obvious sleep cycle, amplitude depression of lower boundary, abnormal amplitude range, and abnormal brain function of the infants in group A were significant higher than those of the infants in group B (P＜0.05). According to the ROC curve, the sensitivity of serum Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, or EEG monitoring for assessing brain injury of preterm infants were 73.3%, 70.7%, and 82.7%, respectively, and the specificity of serum Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, or EEG monitoring for assessing brain injury of preterm infants were 77.8%, 81.5%, and 79.6%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, or EEG monitoring for assessing brain injury of preterm infants were 0.793, 0.768, and 0.840, respectively. The sensitivity, the specificity, and AUC of the combined Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, and EEG monitoring for assessing brain injury of preterm infants were 94.7%, 75.9%, and 0.922, respectively. The AUC of the combined Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, and EEG monitoring for assessing brain injury of preterm infants was significant higher than that of serum Caspase-1 level, HMGB1 level, or EEG monitoring alone (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The serum levels of Caspase-1 and HMGB1 of the preterm infants with brain injury increase, and the EEG monitoring of the preterm infants shows abnormal brain function. The serum Caspase-1 level, HMGB1se level, or EEG monitoring has good application value for evaluating brain injury of preterm infants, but the serum Caspase-1 and HMGB1se levels combined with EEG monitoring has higher evaluation efficiency.
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