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Abstract To study the effect of leuprorelin plus middle or high dose estrogen for treating rats with endometriosis on their ectopic endometrial growth, and to explore its mechanism. Methods: The rats with endometriosis were divided into model group, leuprorelin group, estrogen low dose group, estrogen middle dose group, and estrogen high dose group (15 cases in each group). The rats in the model group were given normal saline 3 mL by gavage, the rats in the leuprorelin group were given leuprorelin 1 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection, and the rats in estrogen low dose group, estrogen middle dose group, or estrogen high dose group were given 25, 50, or 100 g/kg of estradiol valerate by gavage combined with leuprorelin 1 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection. Before and after administration, the volume of ectopic focus of all rats was measured. The distribution and expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The level of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with that of rats in the model group, the volume of lesions of rats in estrogen low dose group, estrogen middle dose group, and estrogen high dose group had decreased significantly at 4 and 8 weeks after administration (P<0.05). Compared with that of rats in leuprorelin group and estrogen low dose group, the volume of lesions of rats in estrogen middle dose group and estrogen high dose had increased significantly at 8 weeks after administration (P<0.05). Compared with those of rats in the model group, the levels of StAR and TNF-α in the lesions tissue of rats in leuprorelin group, and estrogen low dose group, estrogen middle dose group, and estrogen high dose group had decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with that of rats in the model group, the serum CA125 level of rats in leuprorelin group, and estrogen low dose group, estrogen middle dose group, and estrogen high dose group had decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with that of rats in leuprorelin group and estrogen low dose group, the serum CA125 level of rats in estrogen middle dose group and estrogen high dose had increased significantly at 8 weeks after administration (P<0.05). Conclusion: The leuprorelin plus low-dose estrogen (25g/kg) for treating rats with endometriosis have a better effect, while leuprorelin plus medium and high-dose estrogen (50 and 100 g/kg) may improve their ectopic endometrial growth, which’s relevant mechanism may be closely related to the increase the levels of StAR , TNF-α, and CA125.
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