To investigate change of the levels of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), stromal cell chemokine-1α (SDF-1α), and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), and to study its relationship with their postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: 95 pregnant women with GDM were enrolled in study group, and they were divided into group A (47 women with normal glucose tolerance), group B (28 women with impaired glucose tolerance), and group C (20 women with diabetes mellitus) by the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)during the early postpartum period (6-12 weeks). And 50 normal pregnant women were enrolled in control group during the same period. The general data, glucose and lipid metabolism indicators and the levels of serum Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α, and FGF-21 of women were compared among these groups. Results: The levels of FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C, Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α,and FGF-21 of women in the study group were significant higher than those of women in the control group, but the levels of HOMA-β and HDL-C of women in the study group were significant lower, and which all had significant different among group A,B, and C (P＜0.05). The levels of FBG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, TG, LDL-C, Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α, and FGF-21 of women in group B and C in the early postpartum period were significant higher than those of women in group A and in the control group, while the levels of HOMA-β, HDL-C of women in group B and C were significant lower, and which all had significant different of women between group B and C (P＜0.05). The levels of serum Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α and FGF-21 of women with GDM were positively correlated with their pre-pregnancy BMI value, and the levels of  FBG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, TG, and LDL-C, but were negatively correlated with pre-pregnancy HOMA-βlevel (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α and FGF-21 were independent risk factors of postoperative abnormal glucose metabolism of women with GDM (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that when the demarcation point to diagnosis postpartum glucose metabolism of Lp-PLA2, the SDF-1α, and the FGF-21 were 26.94 nmol/min·mL, 1.75 μg/L, and 140.51 ng/L, respectively, the sensitivity were 82.4%, 82.4%, and 64.7%, respectively, and the specificity were 93.3%, 86.7%, 86.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The expression of serum Lp-PLA2, SDF-1α and FGF-21 during pregnancy and postpartum of women with GDM are high, which are closely related to their HOMAIR and HOMA-βlevels, and can be used as risk factors and predictive factors for glucose metabolism of women with GDM.