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| Research progress of HPV therapeutic peptide vaccines |
| 1.The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004; 2.Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital; 3.Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research |
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Abstract Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiological factor of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The correlation between HPV infection and cervical cancer has prompted the development of therapeutic vaccines against highrisk HPV types targeting the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. Therapeutic vaccines differ from preventive vaccines in that they are aimed at inducting cellmediated immunity rather than producing neutralizing antibodies. This review focuses on therapeutic peptide vaccines in development for the treatment of HPVassociated lesions and cancers. Furthermore, strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy and the latest clinical trials on therapeutic peptide vaccines are reviewed. Compared with other therapeutic vaccines, peptide vaccines are safe, stable, and easy to manipulate, but they have low immunogenicity and the restriction on the HLA types. At present, adjuvants are commonly used to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine, and overlapping long peptide vaccines maybe used for solving the problem of MHC specificity. In addition, the research of other proteins vaccine for HPV has got some progress. Thus, the study of therapeutic peptide vaccines can be extended from E6 and E7 to other proteins.
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