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Abstract Objective: To explore the expression and the localization of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1) and SLIT2 in women with and without adenomyosis. Methods: Ectopic and homologous eutopic endometria from 35 women suffering adenomyosis and endometria from 20 women without adenomyosis were sampled for immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 and SLIT2. Results: The positive expression rate of SLIT2 in ectopic endometria was significantly greater than those in normal and eutopic endometria (P<0.01). Compared with normal and eutopic endometria, the immunoreactivity of TRPV1 was significantly increased in ectopic endometrium (P<0.01). The immunoreactivities of both TRPV1 and SLIT2 were positively correlated with the severity of dysmenorrheal (r=0.627 P<0.01; r=0.583 P<0.01). Expressions of SLIT2 and TRPV1 were positively correlated (r=0.376 P=0.026). Conclusion: TRPV1 and SLIT2 may be involved in the severity of dysmenorrheal and found to be significant indicators for dysmenorrheal severity in women with adenomyosis.
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