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| Clinical characteristics of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its influence factors |
| 1.Guangyuan Central Hospital，Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, 628000；2.The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu Medical College，Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital，Chengdu, Sichuan Province |
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Abstract To explore the clinical characteristics of the necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates with different gestational weeks, and to study its influencing factors of NEC occurrence. Methods: 368 neonates with NEC who were born and treated in the hospital between September 2019 and October 2023 were selected in study group, and 736 healthy neonates who born in the hospital during the same period were selected in control group. According to the gestational age of the newborns in the study group, the neonates were divided into group A (premature infants with <37 gestational weeks) and group B (full-term infants with ≥37 gestational weeks). The basic information, the clinical manifestations, and the major complications of the neonates in these groups were recorded. The influencing factors of NEC occurrence of the neonates were analyzed. Results: In the study group, there were 295 (80.2%) premature infants and 73 (19.8%) full-term infants. The main clinical manifestations of the neonates with NEC were the abdominal distension, the hematochezia, the vomiting and the weakened bowel sounds. The rates of the clinical manifestations, such as the abdominal distension, the weakened bowel sounds, the weakened muscle tension, the intestinal perforation and the abdominal wall vein exposure of the neonates in group B were significantly less than those of the neonates in group A. The rates of the hematochezia and the vomiting of the neonates in group B were significantly higher than those of the neonates in group A (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the transfusion of rich red blood cells of the women were the risk factors of the NEC occurrence of their preterm infants, and the breast feeding was a protective factor of the NEC occurrence of their preterm infants. The gestational diabetes mellitus, the neonatal infection and the amniotic fluid contamination of the women were the independent risk factors of the NEC occurrence of their full-term infants. The neonatal asphyxia, the respiratory failure, the sepsis and the congenital heart disease of the neonates were the independent risk factors of their NEC occurrence, and the prophylactic probiotics used of the neonates was a protective factor of their NEC occurrence (all P<0.05). Conclusion: NEC is more common in the premature infants, and with the abdominal distension, the bloody stools, the vomiting and the weakened bowel sounds as the main clinical manifestations. The incidence factors of the NEC of the neonates with different gestational weeks are different, while the prophylactic probiotics used of the neonates can reduce the risk of their NEC occurrence, and the breastfeeding is beneficial for avoiding the occurrence of NEC of the premature infants.
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