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| Influence of the anxiety and depression of pregnant women during different stages of pregnancy on their adverse pregnancy outcomes and their infant psychophysical development: A prospective study |
| Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000 |
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Abstract To explore the influence of the anxiety and depression of pregnant women during different stages of pregnancy on their adverse pregnancy outcomes and their infant psychophysical development. Methods: A prospective study cohort was established on the pregnant women from October 2020 to July 2022. The anxiety and depression status of the women were evaluated during the first trimester of pregnancy (≤13 gestational weeks) and during the third trimester of pregnancy (≥28 gestational weeks). The neurobehavioral developments of the infants of the women were evaluated in 1, 3, 6 and 8 months of age of the infants. A total of 387 pregnant women were included for the analysis. Results: The rates of the anxiety and depression of the women during the first trimester of pregnancy were 6.7% and 22.0%, and which of the women during the third trimester were 5.2% and 10.9%. The incidences of the preterm birth and the infant low birth weight of the women with anxiety during the first trimester of pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the normal pregnant women (all P<0.05). The incidences of the infants with growth retardation in the 1st and 3rd month of age and the low weight in the 1st month of age of the women with anxious during the first trimester of pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the normal pregnant women, and the incidence of the infants with growth retardation in the 6th month of age of the women with anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than that of the normal pregnant women (all P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the infant growth and development indicators between the pregnant women with depression women during different pregnancy stages and the normal pregnant women (all P>0.05). The developmental quotient of gross motor and total motor of the offspring of the women with anxiety during both the first and the third trimester of pregnancy were significantly lower than those of the normal pregnant women. The score of the offspring mental development index (MDI) of the women with anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy and the women with anxiety during both the first and the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly lower than that of the normal pregnant women (all P<0.05). The developmental quotient of gross motor and total motor of the offspring of the women with depression during the first or the third trimester of pregnancy were significantly lower than those of the normal pregnant women. The developmental quotient of gross motor of the offspring of the women with depression during both the first and the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly lower than that of the normal pregnant women (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of the anxiety or depression of the pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy is higher that of the women during the third trimester of pregnancy. The anxiety of the women during pregnancy increases the risks of their infants’ preterm birth, low birth weight, and early growth retardation. Both the anxiety and the depression of the women during pregnancy affect the physical and mental development of their infants, therefore, the psychological screening of the women during the first trimester of pregnancy is particularly important, and the early detection and intervention for these women can reduce the impact on the physical and mental development of their infants.
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